Vascular Flashcards

1
Q

MC congenital hypercoagulable disorder

A

Factor 5 Leiden – resistance to activated protein C

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2
Q

MC acquired hypercoagulable disorder

A

Smoking

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3
Q

Stages of atherosclerosis

A

Foam cells (macrophages that have absorbed fat and lipids), smooth muscle proliferation, intimal disruption

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4
Q

MC risk factor for CVA

A

HTN

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5
Q

MC stie of stenosis in carotid

A

Bifurcation

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6
Q

T/F ICA has continuous forward flow

A

True

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7
Q

T/F ECA has triphasic flow

A

True

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8
Q

First branch of ICA

A

Opthalmic artery

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9
Q

First branch of ECA

A

S. thyroid a.

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10
Q

Most commonly diseased intracranial artery

A

MCA

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11
Q

Cerebral ischemic events are most likely 2/2

A

arterial embolization from ICA (not thrombosis); can occur through low flow state

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12
Q

Most common second source of emboli in CVA

A

Heart

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13
Q

ACA/MCA/PCA events

A

ACA: AMS, release, slowing
MCA: Contralateral motor/speech, fac droop
PCA: Vertigo, tinnitus, drop attacks, incoordination

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14
Q

Carotid traumatic injury with fixed deficit

A

If occluded, do not repair

If not occluded, repair – stent or open

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15
Q

When to repair carotid

A

> 50% & symptomatic

>70% & asymptomatic

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16
Q

Emergent CEA

A

Fluctuating neurologic symptoms or creschendo/evolving TIA

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17
Q

CEA removes which layers?

A

Intimaa, media

18
Q

When to shunt in a CEA

A

If back pressure < 50 mm Hg or if the contra-lateral side is tight or occluded

19
Q

Most common complications from CEA

A

Vagus n. injury; hypoglossal, glossopharyngeal, ansa

20
Q

Acute event after CAE

A

Back to IR for flap/thrombosis check

21
Q

Pseudo-aneurysm CEA

A

Pulsatile, bleeding mass after CAE; drape/prep, intubate, repair

22
Q

Hypertension following CEA is 2/2

A

Injury to carotid body; use nipride

23
Q

MC cause of non-stroke morbidity and mortality following CAE

A

MI

24
Q

Innominate artery is on L or R

A

R

25
Q

Indications for repair of ascending aortic aneurysm

A

Compression of vert – back pain, RLN, bronchi, esophagus

- Acutely symptomatic, > 5.5cm (>5 Marfan’s), rapid increase in size > 0.5cm/year

26
Q

When to repair TAA

A

Endo: > 5.5 cm; open > 6.5cm

27
Q

Risk of mortality open TAA repair

A

20% mort/paraplegia

28
Q

T/F Aortic dissecion can mimic MI

A

True

29
Q

95% of people with Type A HTN have severe HTN at presentation

A

True

30
Q

Which layer does dissection occur in blood vessel wall?

A

Medial

31
Q

Initial treatment of Type A dissection

A

Esmolol, Nipride

32
Q

When to operate on descending aortic dissections

A

visceral, extremity ischemia, contained rupute

33
Q

Paraplegia following TAA repair

A

SC ischemia 2/2 occlusion of intercostal arteries and A. of Adamkiewicz

34
Q

Diagnosis of aortic aneurysm rupture

A

CTA

35
Q

Where is the aorta most likely to rupture?

A

Left postero-lateral wall, 2-4 cm below the renals

36
Q

Indications for AAA repair

A

> 5.5 cm for average male; > 5 cm for women, or those with high risk
1 cm/year; symptomatic; infected; EVAR&raquo_space; surgery for high risk

37
Q

Major venous injury with proximal cross-clamp of aorta

A

Retro-aortic L renal vein

38
Q

Mortality of elective AAA repair

A

5%

39
Q

1 cause of acute death after AAA repair

A

MI

40
Q

1 cause of late death after AAA repair

A

Renal failure

41
Q

1, 2, 3 bugs that infect aortic grafts

A

Staph epi; Staph aureus, E. coli