Vascular

Question 1

Main contributors to chronic arterial insufficeny

Answer 1

Dyslipidemia
Diabetes
Hypertension
Smoking

Question 2

Classic presentation of Acute arterial insufficiency

Answer 2

50% have sudden onset of severe, unrelenting leg pain

50% have insidious onset of pain in the affected extremity over several hours

Question 3

Compartment syndrome

Answer 3

5 P’s:

Pain, pallor, parasthesias, pulselessness and paralysis

Question 4

Blue toe syndrome

Answer 4

Can be iatrogenic, procedure dislodges plaque and emboli travels and blocks to artery

Question 5

Thromboangiitis Obliterans

Answer 5

AKA Buerger’s disease: (Asia men who smoke)
Happens often in the hands
Prolonged cap refill, dependent rubor, skin ulceration
Tx: smoking cessation

Question 6

Management of varicose veins

Answer 6

Weight loss
Frequent elevation of legs
Surgical measures
Sclerotherapy: injecting sclerosing agent 
Compression stockings

Question 7

Superficial thrombophlebitis

Answer 7

obstruction of superficial vein by thrombus

Someone who gets quite a few: think Trousseau’s sign in pancreatic cancer

Question 8

Virchows triad

Answer 8

Stasis, hypercoaguability, trauma

Question 9

Post phlebitic syndrome

Answer 9

Adverse reaction to dvt

Question 10

Chronic Venous insufficiency

Answer 10

Chronic swollen limb with stasis dermatitis, subcutaneous tissue induration and ulceration
Appears after phlebitis
Can fibros: end up with woody non pitting edema
End up with brownish plaque around the ankle
Eventually end up with ulcers around the ankles
Dx: color doppler US

Question 11

DVT risk factors

Answer 11

Immobilization
Oral contraceptives
Hypercoaguable state
Obesity
Previous history of DVT