Vascular

Question 1

Rutherford classification of acute limb ischemia

Answer 1

Question 2

Treatment for type II endoleaks?

Answer 2

Feeding lumbar arteries

Usually watchful waiting is enough if there is no expansion of the aneurysmal sac

If sac is expanding than you can do coil embolization

Question 3

Factor Xa inhibitors like rivaraxoban and endoxoban, apixaban and pregnancy?

Answer 3

Dont use; animal studies show teratogenicity, human studies not conducted

Direct oral anticoagulants are also avoided during pregnancy

Use LMWH for DVT in pregnancy

Question 4

An acceptable vein for AVF creation is what size?

Answer 4

At least 3 mm

Question 5

Types of endoleaks:

Answer 5

I: proximal/distal graft leak
II: Retrograde flow into the sac from lumbar arteries
III: Defect in the graft
IV: Graft wall porosity
V: Endotension

Question 6

Renal artery stenosis causing HTN in females?

Answer 6

Fibromuscular dysplasia

You get thickening of the media and collagen formation