Nutrition

Question 1

Resp quotients for protein, lipids and carbs (CO2 produced/O2 consumed):

Answer 1

Proteins; 0.8

Lipids; 0.7

Carbs; 1

Question 2

Metabolism of 1 g of fat yields how many kcals?

Answer 2

9 kcal of energy

Question 3

Metabolism of 1 g of carbs yields how many kcals?

Answer 3

3.4 kcals of energy

Question 4

How much energy from 1 gram of protein?

Answer 4

4 kcal of energy

Question 5

Zinc is a trace element with many physiological roles;

Answer 5

Wound healing

Needed for growth

Function of immune system

Question 6

Selenium deficiency produces what sxs?

Answer 6

Cardiomyopathy

Hypothyroidism

Neurological sxs

Question 7

Half life of albumin?

Answer 7

21 days

Pre-op albumin level <3 is assc with increased risk of 30 day mortality (elective cases)

Serum albumin level is a poor indicator of nutritional status in the acute phase following injury, infection, surgical stress

Question 8

Primary fuel of colonocytes?

Answer 8

Short-chain fatty acids

Question 9

Half life of pre-albumin?

Answer 9

2-3 days

Question 10

What are the only essential fatty acids?

Answer 10

Linoleic and linolenic

Are unsaturated fatty acids

Cannot be synthesized by the body; need to be ingested

Question 11

Deficiency of Vitamin B3 (niacin) produces what sxs?

Answer 11

Dermatitis
Diarrhea
Dementia

Question 12

Primary fuel of enterocytes?

Answer 12

Glutamine

Question 13

How fast do we deplete glycogen stores during starvation?

Answer 13

24-48 hrs

In prolonged starvation, the brain, heart, skeletal muscle and renal cortex use ketones as primary fuel source

Question 14

Primary fuel of brain and central nervous system during normal metabolism?

Answer 14

Glucose

Question 15

Sxs of essential fatty acid deficiency?

Answer 15

Waxy skin
Dermatitis
Hair loss
Thrombocytopenia

Question 16

Two forms of severe protein malnutrition?

Answer 16

Marasmus and kwashiorkor

Question 17

Marasmus:

Answer 17

Protein energy malnutrition without edema

Most common PEM (kwashiorkor is other)

Diminished height/weight for age, large heads, staring eyes,

Question 18

Kwashiorkor:

Answer 18

Marked muscle atrophy with edema and anasarca

Question 19

Two short chain fatty acids used by colonocytes as energy sources?

Answer 19

Butyrate

Acetate

Question 20

Obligate glucose users?

Answer 20

RBCS
Peripheral neurons
Renal medulla
Neutrophils

Question 21

Energy requirements in specific populations;

Answer 21

Question 22

An RQ of 1 or greater means what source is being used?

Answer 22

Carbs

Question 23

An RQ of 0.7 means what substrate is being utilized?

Answer 23

Fats

Question 24

Dosage of recommended protein for pts with ESRD?

Answer 24

1.2- 1.5 g/kg/day

Question 25

Marasmus:

Answer 25

Total calorie deprivation

These patients are thin, cachetic, malnourished, but lack peripheral edema

Question 26

Kwashiorkor;

Answer 26

Presence of peripheral edema

Normal weight for age

Distended abdomen without ascites