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VASC 335 > Vasc Review > Flashcards

Vasc Review Flashcards

1
Q

Does the CCA contain or not contain any branches?

A

The CCA does not contain any branches

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2
Q

According to Poiseuille’s Law, volume flow increases with a decrease in what factor?

A

Hematocrit

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3
Q

If flow resistance is halved, what happens to volume flow?

A

It is doubled

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4
Q

What is the equation fo volume flow?

A

Q = DP/R

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5
Q

What is related to high PRF mode?

A

Range ambiguity

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6
Q

Under normal circumstances, what normally demonstrates boundary layer separation?

A

Carotid bulb

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7
Q

What is the most common vessel variant found in the lower extremity?

A

Hypoplasia/aplasia of the ATA

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8
Q

If you explain the maintenance of energy in the movement of fluid, what are you describing?

A

Bernoulli’s Principle

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9
Q

A patient is experiencing thigh claudication, where is the most likely location of disease?

A

Iliac artery

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10
Q

If a collateral is present, what can they help identify?

A

Extent of an occlusion

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11
Q

What is a normal PSV of the CFA?

A

114 +/- 25 cm/s

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12
Q

What kind of resistance would reactive hyperemia have?

A

Low resistance

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13
Q

What is the most common site of atherosclerosis of the lower extremity?

A

Distal FA

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14
Q

Thoracic outlet syndrome can result from compression of what? (3)

A
  • Subclavian vein
  • Subclavian artery
  • Brachial nerve plexus
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15
Q

What are two common causes of peripheral emboli?

A

Proximal aneurysm and the heart

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16
Q

How would a significant stenosis affect the distal blood pressure post-exercise?

A

Decrease

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17
Q

Compared to the proximal normal segment, what effect would a >70% stenosis have on the velocity?

A

Tripled

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18
Q

What is the most common cause of early graft failure (<30 days post-op)?

A

Errors in graft construction

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19
Q

What conclusions can be made when you observe a monophasic waveform?

A

Significant inflow disease

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20
Q

What would an ABI of 0.7 most likely indicate?

A

Moderate, single-level disease

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21
Q

Why is the normal Vr at the distal anastomosis of a graft <3.0?

A

Due to vessel size change

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22
Q

Is the L4-5 vertebrae the external landmark for the aorta bifurcation?

A

No

Umbilicus - the L4-5 is the internal landmark

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23
Q

Which of the following variables has the greatest impact on volume flow?

  1. Vessel radius
  2. Vessel Length
  3. Vessel Compliance
  4. Pressure difference
A

Vessel radius

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24
Q

Which of the following reflects the Bernoulli effect?

  • Pressure increases within a stenosis
  • Velocity increases within a stenosis
  • Blood flow is related to the vessel radius
  • Pressure changes with the tube length changesVelocity increases within a stenosis
A

Velocity increases within a stenosis

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25
Q

Venules are the vessels that provide the resistance to help control blood flow? T/F

A

False

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26
Q 
Which of the following is a branch of the external carotid artery?
A - Ophthalmic artery
B - Maxillary artery
C - Thyrocervical trunk
D - Peroneal arteryB
A

B

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27
Q

A palpated pulse of 0 indicates a weak pulse (t/f)

A

False - it indicates no pulse

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28
Q

A patient presents with a right brachial pressure of 80mmHg and a left brachial pressure of 115mmHg. What is likely happening?

A - Left subclavian artery stenosis
B - Right subclavian artery stenosis
C - Single-level disease and claudication
D -Multi-level disease and ischemic rest pain

A

B

29
Q

Rest pain is usually the first symptom a patient experiences with PAD?

A

False - claudication is.

30
Q

Which of the following describes an embolism?

A: Originates from a distal aneurysm
B - Formation of plaque within an artery
C - Dissection of an artery due to trauma
D - Sudden obstruction of an artery from a clot

A

D

31
Q 
Which of the following would be a cause of spectral broadening?
A
Plug Flow
B
Laminar Flow
C
Turbulent flow
D
High resistance flow
A

C

32
Q 
Which of the following could help distinguish an occluded vessel from near occlusion?
A
Decrease the SV
B
Increase the gain
C
Increase the wall filter
D
Increase the pulse repetition frequency
A

b - increase the gain

33
Q

Poor cardiac function has no effect on the PSV’s of the carotid arteries

A

False

34
Q 
A 35 year old women presents with neck pain and left arm paresthesia post MVA. What is the most likely vascular diagnosis?
A
Whiplash
B
Muscle spasm
C
Carotid dissection
D
Hemodynamically significant carotid stenosis
A

C - carotid dissection

35
Q

Increase in the Doppler shift indicates a worsening stenosis?

A

True

36
Q

Which of the following indicates a hemodynamically significant stenosis?
A
Vessel narrowing producing an area reduction of 50%
B
Stenosis that necessitates immediate surgical intervention
C
Vessel narrowing that causes a reduction in pressure and flow
D
Vessel barrowing that has limited effect on pressure and flow

A

C

37
Q 
When scanning a lower extremity bypass graft the Vr of the body of the graft is 3.5. What would be the logical course of treatment?
A
Exercise
B
Amputation
C
Medical intervention
D
Increase ultrasound surveillance
A

C - medical intervention

38
Q

The mid-graft segment of a hemodialysis graft is the most likely location of a stenosis?

A

False - venous anastomoses

39
Q 
Which of the following vessels would have a waveform most similar to the femoral artery?
A
Renal artery
B
Axillary artery
C
Innominate artery
D
External carotid artery
A

Axillary Artery

40
Q

Bruit is another name for the tissue vibration that is caused by a hemodynamically significant stenosis.

A

True

41
Q 
You perform a carotid study and get the following PSV's: Right CCA - 61cm/s, Right ECA - 98 cm/s and Right ICA - 132 cm/s. What is the category of disease?
A
1-15%
B
30-50%
C
50-69%
D
70-99%
A

C - 50-69%

42
Q

What waveform would you expect to see distal to a stenosis?

A

Tardus parvus

43
Q

When interrogating for a pseudoaneurysm what is the most important diagnostic criteria?

A

Communicating tract is seen

44
Q 
Which characteristic of a waveform may indicate that a small amount of atheroma is present at the sample site?
A
Low pulstatility
B
Increased velocities
C
Mild spectral broadening
D
Delayed acceleration time
A

C - mild spectral broadening

45
Q 
A patient has a left ABI of 0.75 with intermittent claudication. The left popliteal spectral tracing was biphasic with a PSV of 70 cm/s and the left DPA waveform was monophasic. What is most likely happening?
A
Tibial disease
B
Multi-level outflow disease
C
Significant popliteal disease
D
Lower extremity inflow disease
A

A - tibial disease

46
Q

What is the most frequent location of atherosclerosis in the lower extremity?

A

Adductor canal - distal FA

47
Q

Resistivity is the qualitative observation of the relationship between the PSV and EDV. (T/f)

A

True

48
Q

The anastomosis of the vertebral arteries forms which vessel?

A

Basilar Artery

49
Q

The temporal tap requires tapping which vessel?

A

Superficial temporal artery

50
Q

Tunica media is the:

A

Middle layer of an artery or vein

51
Q

A patient presents with amaurosis fugax of the left eye and intermittent right hemiparesis. Which intracranial vessels are most likely involved?
A
Right ophthalmic artery and left middle cerebral artery
B
Left internal carotid artery and left middle cerebral artery
C
Right ophthalmic artery and right middle cerebral artery
D
Left ophthalmic artery and left middle cerebral artery

A

D

52
Q 
Which of the following symptoms originate from the posterior territory?
A
Aphasia
B
Dysphagia
C
Hemiparesis
D
Homonomous hemianopia
A

B- dysphagia

53
Q 
What type of plaque consists mainly of collagen and is of moderate to strong echogenicity?
A
Calcific
B
Fibrous
C
Fibrofatty
D
Complicated
A

Fibrous

54
Q

Aphasia is the inability for on to control one’s gait?

A

False - ataxia is.

55
Q 
If there is systolic flow reversal in the vertebral waveform, what does it indicate?
A
Partial steal
B
Complete steal
C
Severe vertebral stenosis
D
Compensatory vertebral flow
A

A - partial steal

56
Q 
What happens to the pulsatility index as you move from the central arteries to the peripheral arteries?
A
Decrease
B
Increase
C
No change
D
Doubles
A

Increase

57
Q

Loss of the reverse component is the first observable change in the waveform when evaluating significant disease in the peripheral arteries.
T/F

A

T

58
Q 
A 60 year old lady had loss of vision in her right eye 1 week ago. 3 days ago her left hand developed numbness and weakness. Today she visited her doctor and her left hand strength was found to be 25% of normal. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A
Migraine
B
Left hemispheric stroke
C
Right hemispheric stroke
D
Transient ischemic attack
A

C - right hemispheric stroke

59
Q

Anomalous location of the DPA is the most common anatomic variant of the lower extremity.

A

False - hypoplasia/aplasia of the ATA

60
Q 
Which of the following plaque would have the greatest risk of embolizing?
A
Calcific
B
Thickened intima
C
Smooth, mostly hypoechoic
D
Heterogenous, mostly echogenic
A

C - smooth, mostly hypoechoic (FRESH)

61
Q

Which two factors are used to interpret the results of treadmill testing?
A
Treadmill speed and time for the pressure to return to baseline
B
Treadmill incline and the degree of pressure change post exercise
C
Time for the patient’s symptoms to reappear and degree of pressure change post exercise
D
Degree of pressure change post exercise and the time required to return to baseline

A

D

62
Q

A tortuous vessel may be a cause of non-atheromatous turbulent flow in the carotid arteries (T/F)

A

False - Fibromuscular dysplasia may cause turbulent flow and is NOT atherosclerosis

63
Q 
What is the most common cause of bypass graft failure between 30days to 2 years?
A
Graft kink
B
Intimal hyperplasia
C
Remnant valve leaflet
D
Progression of atherosclerosis
A

B - intimate hyperplasia

64
Q

A Vr of 2.5 at the proximal anastomosis would be considered a normal finding.

A

False - 2.0 (2.5 at the distal anastomoses would be normal)

65
Q 
Which of the following is a type of Thromboangitis obliterans?
A
Buerger's
B
Takayasu's
C
Raynaud's
D
Diabetic neuropathy
A

A

66
Q

Which of the following describes moderate pulsatility
A
Tall, sharp peak with little diastolic flow
B
Broad systolic peak with forward flow throughout diastole
C
Narrow systolic peak, flow reversal in early diastole, little or absent late diastolic flow
D
Constant forward flow in systole and diastole with a diastolic component well above the baseline

A

A - tall, sharp peak with little diastolic flow

67
Q

Synthetic hemodialysis grafts last longer and are less susceptible to thrombosis than an AV fistula graft.

A

False!!!

68
Q

Steal syndrome with a hemodialysis graft involves reversal of flow in the ulnar or radial artery as the graft “steals” blood from the hand due to a lower pressure upstream.

A

True

VASC 335 (9 decks)

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