variety of living organisms & cell structure

Question 1

plants

INSERT DIAGRAM

Answer 1

MULTICELLULAR
CHLOROPLASTS (can photosynthesize)
CELLULOSE CELL WALL
CELL MEMBRANE 
NUCLEUS
CYTOPLASM
VACUOLE
STORE CARBS AS SUCROSE/ STARCH
eg- flowering plants, cereals (maize), herbaceous legumes (peas, beans)

Question 2

animals

INSERT DIAGRAM

Answer 2

MULTICELLULAR
NO CHLOROPLASTS (cannot photosynthesize)
NO CELL WALLS (bones and muscles)
CELL MEMBRANE
CYTOPLASM
NUCLEUS
CNS (brain & spinal cord)
ABLE TO MOVE
STORE CARBS AS GLYCOGEN
eg- mammals (humans), insects (housefly, mosquito)

Question 3

fungi

Answer 3

MULTI/ UNICELLULAR
CELL WALL
CELL MEMBRANE
NUCLEI
VACUOLE
CYTOPLASM
(cannot photosynthesize)
made from thread-like structures of HYPHAE
group of HYPHAE is called MYCELIUM (containing many nuclei) 
STORE CARBS AS GLYCOGEN
single-celled eg- YEAST cell walls of chitin, feed by saprotrophic nutrition
multi-celled eg- MUCOR

Question 4

bacteria

Answer 4

UNICELLULAR
CELL WALL
CELL MEMBRANE
CYTOPLASM
PLASMIDS- small circles of DNA 
NO NUCLEUS- contain DNA chromosome)
SOME can photosynthesize
MOST FEED off dead/ living ORGANISMS
eg- LACTOBACILLUS BULGARICUS a rod shaped bacterium used to make yoghurt,
PNEUMOCOCCUS, a spherical bacteria that acts as the pathogen that causes pneumonia

Question 5

protoctists

Answer 5

UNICELLULAR
NUCLEUS
CELL MEMBRANE
CYTOPLASM
AMOEBA- live in pond water, like an animal cell
CHLORELLA- have CHLOROPLASTS & CELL WALL like plants
pathogenic eg- PLASMODIUM, causes malaria

Question 6

viruses

Answer 6

PARTICLES
PROTEIN COAT
DNA/ RNA
PARASITIC
REPRODUCE only in LIVING cells
infect every type of LIVING organism
variety of shapes and sizes
no cellular structure
eg- TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS- discoloring of tobacco leaves by preventing chloroplast formation
INFLUENZA- flu
HIV- causes AIDS

Question 7

smallest to biggest

Answer 7

virus-          particles
bacteria-    uni
protoctist-  uni/ multi
fungi-          uni/ multi
animal-       multi
plants-        multi

Question 8

pathogens

Answer 8

fungi
bacteria
protoctists
viruses

Question 9

cell wall

Answer 9

NON- LIVING material
outside cell membrane
GIVES CELLS SHAPE AND SUPPORT
(mesh)

Question 10

cell membrane

Answer 10

HOLDS THE CELL CONTENTS TOGETHER
CONTROLS WHAT ENTERS AND LEAVES THE CELL
SEMI- PERMEABLE

Question 11

cytoplasm

Answer 11

SITE OF MANY OF THE CELLS CHEMICAL REACTIONS
jelly like
main bulk of cell

Question 12

chloroplasts

Answer 12

ALLOWS CELLS TO CARRY OUT PHOTOSYNTHESIS

contains chloroplasts

Question 13

vacuole

Answer 13

A STORE OF SUGARS, MINERAL IONS AND OTHER SOLUTES

large compartment filled with cell sap

Question 14

nucelus

Answer 14

CONTROLS WHAT THE CELL DOES

because it contains the cells genetic material

Question 15

specialized cells- root hair cells

plant kingdom

Answer 15

plant cell
absorbs water and mineral ions from earth
large surface area- long structure, thin walls
soaks up water from soil by osmosis
VACUOLE
CELL WALL
CELL MEMBRANE
CYTOPLASM
NUCLEUS
NO CHLOROPLASTS- because underground so dont need to photosynthesize

Question 16

specialized cells- red blood cell

animal kingdom

Answer 16

animal cell
contains haemoglobin to carry oxygen around the body
BICONCAVE STRUCTURE-bigger surface area, enables oxygen to be carried around easier
thinner outer membrane- allow oxygen to diffuse through easily
NO NUCLEUS- more space for haemoglobin
CELL MEMBRANE
HAEMOGLOBIN
BICONCAVE STRUCTURE