Varicocele

Question 1

Define varicocele.

Answer 1

A varicocele is the abnormal dilation of the internal spermatic veins and pampiniform plexus that drain blood from the testis.

Question 2

Explain the aetiology/risk factors of varicocele.

Answer 2

Somatometric parameters (tall/low BMI)
FHx of varicocele

All of these risk factors are quite weak though.

Question 3

Summarise the epidemiology of varicocele.

Answer 3

It has been estimated that between 10% and 15% of men and adolescent boys in the general population have varicocele. However, the true incidence of adolescent varicoceles may be under-reported, as most teens are not routinely examined in the upright position.
The majority (\>80%) of adult varicoceles are not associated with infertility. Ninety percent of varicoceles are on the left side, while approximately 10% are bilateral.

Question 4

Recognise the presenting symptoms of varicocele. Recognise the signs of varicocele on physical examination.

Answer 4

Painless scrotal mass
Left-sided signs/symptoms
Small testicle
Infertility

Question 5

Identify appropriate investigations for varicocele and interpret the results.

Answer 5

Clinical diagnosis is usually sufficient.