Variations In Breathing Rate Flashcards
Responses to obtain more oxygen and get rid of more carbon dioxide
-increasing breathing rate and depth
-increasing heart rate to deliver oxygen and glucose to the muscles faster and remove extra carbon dioxide produced by the increased rate of respiration in muscle cells
Where is the ventilation centre and what are its two centres
The medulla oblongata, has the inspiratorio and expiratory centre
How does the ventilation centre control the rate of breathing
-inspiratory centre in medulla oblongata sends nerve impulses to the intercostal and diaphragm muscles to make them contract
-this increases volume of lungs which lowers pressure causing air to enter the lungs due to pressure difference between lungs and air outside
-as the lungs inflate stretch receptors in lungs stimulated which send nerve impulses back to the medulla oblongata which inhibit the action of the inspiratory centre
-expiratory centre (no longer inhibited) then sends nerve impulses to the diaphragm and intercostal muscles to relax causing lungs to deflate expelling air and stretch receptors become inactive, inspiratory centre no longer inhibited and cycle starts again
Role of carotid arteries
Carry blood to the brain
How is breathing rate increased during exercise
-level of CO2 in blood increase in which dissolved in blood plasma to produce carbonic acid, combined with its lactic acid produced in anaerobic respiration decreases pH of blood
-chemoreceptors in medulla oblongata, aorta and carotid artery sensitive to changes in blood pH and detect a decrease in blood pH
-chemoreceptors send nerve impulses to the medulla oblongata which sends more frequent nerve impulses to the intercostal muscles and diaphragm which increases rate and depth of breathing
-causes gaseous exchange to speed up, CO2 level drops and extra O2 is supplied for the muscles, pH returns to normal which is detected by chemoreceptors which causes ventilation centre to send less frequent impulses to intercostal muscles and diaphragm
What is process of controlling breathing rate an example of
Negative feedback
What is ventilation rate and what happens to it during exercise
The volume of air breathed in or out in a period of time, increases during exercise because breathing rate and depth increase
What is tidal volume
Volume of air we breathe in and out at each breath
What is vital capacity
Maximum volume of air we can inhale and exhale
