Muscles And Respiration Flashcards
What is a skeletal muscle
Type of muscle used to move, controlled by voluntary nervous system
What is a muscle
Bring about movement by contracting and relaxing
What is a tendon
Attach muscles to bone enabling muscles to power joint movements, do not stretch
What is a ligament
Hold bones in position to control and restrict amount of movement in joint, strong and flexible, joins bone to bone
What is an extensor
Muscle that contracts to cause extension of joint
What is a flexor
Muscle that contracts to cause flexing of the joint
What are antagonistic pairs and why
Pair of muscles that work together to allow bone to move in two directions
How does arm bend at elbow
Bicep contracts and tricep relaxes, pulls the bone so arm bends(flexes) at the elbow
How does arm straighten
When tricep contracts bicep relaxes, pulls the bone so arm straightens at elbow
What are synovial joints
Separated by cavity filled with synovial fluid (acts as lubricant), bones tipped with layer of cartilage which protects bone from friction as makes bones smoother
What is cardiac muscle
Myogenic, impulses that cause muscle fibres to contract are initiated within heart itself
What is smooth muscle
Rhythmic contractions, slow to fatigue and controlled by ANS, lines organs
What is ball and socket joint
Eg hip, allows movement in many directions
What are hinge joints
Eg elbow, allows movement in two directions
What are gliding joints
Eg vertebrae, allows surfaces to Slide Over one another
What is a pivot joint
Eg top of spine to hold head, allows rotations
What is a sarcolemma
The cell membrane of muscle fibre cells
What are sarcomeres
Repeated contractile units within the myofibrils
Why do muscle fibres have lots of mitochondria
To provide ATP needed for muscle contraction
What are myofibrils
Long cylindrical organelles that make up muscle fibres
What type of proteins are myosin
Fibrous protein molecules with globular head
What type of proteins are tropomyosin
Fibrous proteins twisted around two actin chains
