Variation Among Individuals Flashcards
what is genetic variation
differences among individuals in a population that are due to differences in genotype
what is environmental variation
differences among individuals in a population that are due to differences in the environments they have experienced
what is an allele
variant from of gene, or variant nucleotide sequences at a particular locus
what is a genotype
the combination of alleles in individuals carries at one or more loci of interest
what is a phenotype
the set of traits an individual exhibits
what is inducible defense
a character that is adaptive because of its role in evading predation and that develops only in the presence of a cue emanating from the predator
what is expression
in molecular biology, the production, from the information encoded in a gene, of a functional protein or RNA
what is reaction norm
the pattern of phenotypic plasticity exhibited by a genotype
what are epigenetic marks
chemical modifications of DNA, managed by enzymes encoded in the genome, that can influence phenotype by alteration gene expression
what is phenotypic plasticity
variation, under environmental influence, in the phenotype associated with a genotype
what is a point mutation
alteration of a single base in a DNA sequence
what is a transition
in DNA, a mutation that substitutes a purine or a pyrimidine for a pyrimidine
what is transversion
in DNA, a mutation that substitutes a purine for a pyrimidine or a pyrimidine for a purine
what is a synonymous (silent) substitution
a DNA substitution that does not change that amino acid or RNA sequence specified by the gene
what is a non synonymous (replacement) substitution
a DNA substitution that changes the amino acid sequence specified by a gene
