Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pop Bio > Patterns of Evolution > Flashcards

Patterns of Evolution Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Which two authors discovered natural selection before Darwin

A

WC Wells and Patrick Matthew

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When was natural selection widely accepted

A

1930s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is modern synthesis

A

development of population genetics through the 1930’s provided a solid mathematical, theoretical framework for natural selection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is microevolution

A

changes in observed within species and populations, often directly observable in real time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is macroevolution

A

long-term change within and between species, typically inferred from fossil record or comparisons among living organisms of which phylogeny is known

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What evolutionary changes occurred with the soapberry bug

A

First fed on balloon vine trees then switched to golden-rain tree in 1926, populations increased, sucking parts began to shrink

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How is evolution a compromise

A

it works upon existing variations; doesn’t create wholly new structure and function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Evolution is simultaneously ____ and _______

A

innovative and conservative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some examples of vestigial structures

A

vestigial wings in the flightless kiwi, vestigial hind limb in boas and pythons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Adult chickens have 3 digits in the wing and 4 in their feet, what happens to the 4th digit in their wings during development

A

the extra digit appears and are re-absorbed during development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the differences between a marine and freshwater stickleback

A

the marine sticklebacks are fully armored, larger in size, and have lateral plates. the freshwater sticklebacks have reduced armor with no pelvic structure, also smaller in size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What did Michael Bell study

A

study of stickleback evolution in Loberg Lake, Alaska

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How have selection pressures shaped stickleback phenotypes

A

there is less ion concentration in freshwater which costs the growth and plate formation, there are different predators (fish in marine, insects in freshwater), growth rate vs. armor trade off (armor best in marine and rapid growth best in freshwater)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the Law of Succession

A

the observation that fossil types are succeeded, in the same geographic area by smilier fossil or living species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is extinction

A

the lifespans of species, like the lifespans of individuals, are finite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are transitional forms

A

a species that exhibits traits common to ancestral and derived groups, especially when the groups are sharply differentiated

17
Q

What specimen is considered to be the missing link

A

tiktaalik

18
Q

Why is the fossil record incomplete

A

fossilization is rare (right conditions at the right time) and most fossils are lost (erosion, inundation, glaciation, vulcanism)

19
Q

What is some evidence for evolution

A

species are not immutable, but change through time. species are not derive independently, but from common shared ancestors. the emergence of life is not recent

20
Q

What is tree thinking

A

evolutionary trees represent our understanding of descent with modification from common ancestry

21
Q

What is homology

A

Similarity in structure and development among organisms, unrelated to function. Same structures in different organisms used for different functions. Evidence of evolutionary relatedness

22
Q

Examples of homologous structures

A

the ulna and radius in humans, mole, horse, dolphin, and bat

23
Q

What is molecular homology

A

shared genetic code of all organisms is strong evidence for shared evolutionary history, rather than separate, independent origin and evolution of species

24
Q

What is an example of molecular homology

A

yeast and mice have similar genes

25
Q

What are pseudogenes

A

DNA sequences that are homologous to functioning genes, but are not transcribed. They are silent and have no product. Invisible to natural selection and accumulate mutations over time

26
Q

What type of duplication do humans and chimps share

A

CMT 1A-Rep duplication

27
Q

What is uniformitarianism

A

the assumption that processes identical to those at work today are responsible for events that occurred in the past; first articulated by James Hutton, the founder or modern geology

28
Q

What is radiometric dating based on

A

based on the decay rates of unstable isotopes of naturally occurring elements

29
Q

What is relative dating based on

A

based on the principle of superposition (older down, younger up)

30
Q

How old is the earth

A

about 4.5 billion years old

31
Q

What materials are commonly dated using C-14

A

bones, wood, shells, charcoal, cloth, paper, and animal droppings

Pop Bio (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions