variation

Question 1

what did Mendel do with pea plants

Answer 1

crossbreeded yellow and green pea plants which produced only yellow plants and breeded these to get 3/4 yellow and 1/4 green

Question 2

what did he determine was being passed on from 1 generation to the next

Answer 2

hereditary units which could be recessive(and only expressed if plant got the unit from both parents) or dominant

Question 3

what are alleles

Answer 3

Alternative forms of the same gene

Question 4

what is a genome

Answer 4

entire set of genetic material in an organism

Question 5

what is a gene

Answer 5

segment of dna that codes for a particular type of protein

Question 6

what are alleles

Answer 6

different versions of the same gene

Question 7

what is the genotype

Answer 7

collection of alleles we have

Question 8

phenotypes

Answer 8

the characteristic we get from the genotypes

Question 9

what causes variation

Answer 9

phenotypes-from genes and environment
genes individuals inherit

Question 10

what people may have the same genome

Answer 10

identical twins

Question 11

what are the different environmental factors for genes

Answer 11

smoking
alcohol
lifestyle
exercise

Question 12

what is a mutation

Answer 12

change in the dna code which may change protein therefore phenotype

Question 13

what is an example of a positive mutation

Answer 13

lung disease resistance
ability to run faster

Question 14

how are beneficial mutations passed on

Answer 14

organisms that have them are more likely to survive and therefore more likely to produced

Question 15

who made survival of the fittest

Answer 15

darwin

Question 16

who made natural selection and what is it

Answer 16

fittest individuals selected to survive made by Darwin

Question 17

what is evolution

Answer 17

inheritance of certain traits could lead to whole new species or change in it over multiple generations

Question 18

what is Lamarcks theory

Answer 18

organisms could acquire new traits in their lifetime and these could be passed to their offspring

Question 19

Describe a series of events that might result in zebras evolving to run more quickly.

Answer 19

There is variation among the zebra population so that some can run faster than others

A mutation arises that allows some zebras to run faster

Those zebras that can run fastest are more likely to survive…

…and are therefore more likely to reproduce and pass on their advantageous alleles

This repeats over multiple generations

So the advantageous allele spreads throughout the population, until the species has ‘evolved’ to run faster

Question 21

how was Lamarcks theory disproved

Answer 21

characteristics gained by an organism in its lifetime do not affect the dna sequence of an organism and arent passed down

Question 22

what was darwins 1st observation

Answer 22

organisms within species show wide variation for a specific trait

Question 23

what was darwins 2nd observation

Answer 23

there is variation between species adapted to different environments

Question 24

what was darwins 3rd observation

Answer 24

older rock layer had organisms which less complex fossils-more recent more complex

Question 25

1st similarity between darwin and lamarcks theories

Answer 25

some organisms have diff traits due to variation

Question 26

what is 2nd similarity between darwin and wallaces theory

Answer 26

organisms with the advantageous trait are better adapted to the environment

Question 27

what is the 3rd similarity between darwin and lamarcks theory

Answer 27

organisms with the avantageous trait are more likely to survive and reproduce passing on trait

Question 28

what is the last advantageous trait

Answer 28

over many generations organisms now have the advantageous trait

Question 29

what was the 1st reason darwins theory wasnt initially accepted

Answer 29

-challenged religious belief that God created all life

Question 30

what was the 2nd reason darwins/lamarcks theory wasnt initially accepted

Answer 30

lack of evidence made scientists wary of accepting it

Question 31

what was the 3rd reason darwins theory wasnt initially accepted

Answer 31

dna was undiscovered/mechanism for inheritance and variation was unknown in Darwin's time