Variables: Manipulation and Control

Question 1

Independent Variable

Answer 1

Some aspect of the experimental situation that is manipulated by the researcher so the effect of the DV can be measured.

Question 2

Dependent Variable

Answer 2

The variable that is measured by the researcher. Any effect on the DV should be caused by a change in the IV.

Question 3

Extraneous Variables

Answer 3

Any variable other than the IV that may have an effect on the DV if it is not controlled.

Question 4

Confounding Variable

Answer 4

Any variable other than the IV that may have affected the DV so we cannot be sure of the true source of the change to the DV.

Question 5

Demand Characteristics

Answer 5

When a participant works out the aims in a study, has a ‘Please U’ or ‘Screw U’ effect.

Question 6

Investigator Effects

Answer 6

Any effect of the researcher’s behavior on the outcome of the research (DV).

Question 7

Operationalization

Answer 7

Clearly defining variables in terms of how they can be measured.

Question 8

Randomization

Answer 8

The use of chance in order to control for the effects of bias when designing materials and deciding the order of conditions.

Question 9

Standardisation

Answer 9

Using exactly the same formalized procedures and instructions for all participants in a research study.

Question 10

Single Blind

Answer 10

A participant doesn’t know the aims of the study so that demand characteristics are reduced.

Question 11

Double Blind

Answer 11

Both participants and researcher doesn’t know the aims of the study to reduce demand characteristics and investigator effects