Van Ijzendoorn & Kroonenburg

Question 1

What is the aim of Van Ijzendoorn & Kroonenburg?

Answer 1

To look at cultural differences in attachment types (and within culture variation)?

Question 2

What is the sample of Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenburg?

Answer 2

32 studies using 3 main attachments, from 8 cultures using 1990 children

Under 2, no special educational needs, all mothers

Question 3

What is the procedure of Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenburg?

Answer 3

Meta-analysis of secondary data (strange situation)

Compared results within and across cultures

Question 4

What are the results of Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenburg?

Answer 4

UK - 75% secure (highest)

China - 50% secure (lowest)

Germany - 35.5% avoidant (highest)

Israel - 28.8% resistant (highest)

Question 5

What is a strength of Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenburg’s sample?

Answer 5

Relatively large sample of 32 studies studying 8 cultures, less ethnocentricism

Question 6

What is a weakness of Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenburg’s study?

Answer 6

18 USA studies used so does not include a lot of collectivist cultures e.g. Saudi

Question 7

What is a weakness of Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenburg using the strange situation?

Answer 7

Ethnocentric (originally done in USA) so results may not be accurate in Japan

Question 8

What is a strength of Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenburg using the strange situation?

Answer 8

Standardised procedure, easily repeatable to see if results about attachment across cultures are reliable

Question 9

Why might there be publication bias from Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenburg?

Answer 9

Only certain studies about attachment types
get published (e.g. those which were not significant were not published)

Damages the validity of the results as the meta-analysis doesn’t include all possible results

Question 10

How do Main and Solomon conflict Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenburg?

Answer 10

Suggests there is a 4th attachment type which Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenburg don’t use, so results may be reductionist and less valid

Question 11

How does Kagan conflict Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenburg?

Answer 11

May not be parent responsiveness but child temperament
affecting attachment types

Question 12

How do Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenburg eliminate extraneous variables in the sample?

Answer 12

Controlled the age of children and excluded those with special needs to
make sure the results are comparable