Van IJzendoorn and Kroonenberg

Question 1

what is cross-cultural variation?

Answer 1

cross-cultural research allows us to investigate whether attachment types are universal or culturally specific.

Question 2

what did Van IJzendoorn carry out and when?

Answer 2

a Meta-analysis in 1998

Question 3

what is a meta-analysis?

Answer 3

when a researcher looks at a number of studies that have investigated the same topic in order to reach s general conclusion about a particular hypothesis.

Question 4

what were Van IJzendoorn and Kroonenbergs Aim?

Answer 4

To investigate the existence of inter-cultural (between cultures) differences and intra-cultural (within cultures) differences in attachment.

Question 5

what was their procedure?

Answer 5

carried out a meta-analysis of 32 studies that had used the strange situation

Question 6

what were their findings?

Answer 6

the differences between cultures were small. In addition, variation within cultures was 1.5 times greater than variations between cultures.

Question 7

what was their conclusion?

Answer 7

There is a global pattern of attachment types. Secure attachment being the most common and therefore the healthiest form of attachments.

Question 8

who’s research does this conclusion support and why?

Answer 8

Bowlby - attachments are universal