Valvular Heart Dz Flashcards
What is the most common cause of VHD?
myxomatous degeneration
congenital (bicuspid aortic valve)
What do stenosis and regurgitation cause to the heart?
stenosis –> pressure overload, hypertrophy and HF
regurgitation –> volume overload; dilates
When are diastolic murmors heard?
after S2 and before the next S1
What murmors are systolic (6)?
MR (mitral regurg)
TR (tricuspid regurg)
AS (aortic stenosis)
PS (pulmonic stenosis)
VSD
ASD
Which murmurs are diastolic?
AI or AR (Aortic Insufficiency or Regurg)
PI or PR (Pul insufficiency or regurg)
MS (mitral stenosis)
TS (tricuspid stenosis)
Atrial myxoma
At what murmur grade is there a palpable thrill?
4/6
What type of murmur are MR and TR?
What about MS and TS?
regurg: systolic
stenosis: diastolic
What type of murmur are AS and PS?
What about AR and PR?
Atrial/ pulmonary stenosis = systolic
regurg = diastolic
Where do you hear mitral regurg the best?
blowing at apex, radiates into left axilla
Where is mitral valve prolapse heard best?
apex
(mid-systolic click)
What causes MVP murmur to increase?
valsalva and standing
What action causes tricuspic regurg to increase in sound?
inspiration (Carvallo sign, also seen in TS)
How does the jungular venous pulse change in tricuspid regurg?
prominent V wave
Where do you hear AS?
right 2nd ICS –> radiates into sternal notch/carotids
How does AS affect S1 and S2?
diminished S2
