Valvular Heart Disease Flashcards
Cause of VHD in developing and low income countries
Rheumatic Fever
More frequent cause of acute valvular regurgitation
Infective Endocarditis
MCC of aortic atenosis
Degenerative calcific (Senile/sclerocalcific) AS
MC congenital heart valve defect with male predominance
Bicuspid aortic valve
Valve orifice size of bicuspid aortic valve when clinical SSx become evident
1 cm2
Three cardinal symptoms of ASD
Angina
Syncope
Dyspnea
MCC of death with Aortic stenosis
CHF
Major hemodynamic compensation of Aortic Regurgitation
Increased LV end diastolic volume (preload)
Early sign of LV dysfunction
Decrease in EF
Rapidly rising “water-hammer” pulse which collapses suddenly as arterial pressure falls rapidly during late systole and diastole
Corrigan’s pulse
Capillary pulsations, alternwre flushing and paling of the skin at the root of the nail while pressure is applied to the tip of the nail
Quinke’s pulse
“pistol-shot” sound over the femoral arteries
Traube’s sign
To and fro murmur audible with light compression of the steth of the femoral artery
Duroziez’s sign
Soft low-pitched rumbling middiaastolic bruit produced by the displacement of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve by the AR stream
Austin Flint murmur
Treatment of choice for chronic AR
Diuretics
Fish-mouth valve
Mitral stenosis
Normal mitral valve orifice
4-6 cm2
Sever MS
<1.5 cm2
MC sites of embolization of MS
Brain
Kidneys
Spleen
Extremities
Thrombi formation of MS
LA
Cause of hemoptysis in MS
rupture of pulmonary-bronchial venous connections 2 to pulmonary venous hypertension
Pe finding in severe MS
Malar flush with pinched and blue facies
Pansystolic murmur produced by functional TR ar left sternal border accentuated by inspiration and diminished during forced expiration or with Valsalva maneuver
Carvallo’s sign
Murmurs indicating severe pulmonary hypertension
Carvallo’s sign
Graham steell murmur
High-pitched, diastolic, decrescendo blowing murmur along the left sternal border
Graham-Steell murmur
MC arrhythmias in MVP
PVCs
Whooping or honking systolic clicks
MVP
