Valvular Heart Disease

Question 1

Cause of VHD in developing and low income countries

Answer 1

Rheumatic Fever

Question 2

More frequent cause of acute valvular regurgitation

Answer 2

Infective Endocarditis

Question 3

MCC of aortic atenosis

Answer 3

Degenerative calcific (Senile/sclerocalcific) AS

Question 4

MC congenital heart valve defect with male predominance

Answer 4

Bicuspid aortic valve

Question 5

Valve orifice size of bicuspid aortic valve when clinical SSx become evident

Answer 5

1 cm2

Question 6

Three cardinal symptoms of ASD

Answer 6

Angina
Syncope
Dyspnea

Question 7

MCC of death with Aortic stenosis

Answer 7

CHF

Question 8

Major hemodynamic compensation of Aortic Regurgitation

Answer 8

Increased LV end diastolic volume (preload)

Question 9

Early sign of LV dysfunction

Answer 9

Decrease in EF

Question 10

Rapidly rising “water-hammer” pulse which collapses suddenly as arterial pressure falls rapidly during late systole and diastole

Answer 10

Corrigan’s pulse

Question 11

Capillary pulsations, alternwre flushing and paling of the skin at the root of the nail while pressure is applied to the tip of the nail

Answer 11

Quinke’s pulse

Question 12

“pistol-shot” sound over the femoral arteries

Answer 12

Traube’s sign

Question 13

To and fro murmur audible with light compression of the steth of the femoral artery

Answer 13

Duroziez’s sign

Question 14

Soft low-pitched rumbling middiaastolic bruit produced by the displacement of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve by the AR stream

Answer 14

Austin Flint murmur

Question 15

Treatment of choice for chronic AR

Answer 15

Diuretics

Question 16

Fish-mouth valve

Answer 16

Mitral stenosis

Question 17

Normal mitral valve orifice

Answer 17

4-6 cm2

Question 18

Sever MS

Answer 18

<1.5 cm2

Question 19

MC sites of embolization of MS

Answer 19

Brain
Kidneys
Spleen
Extremities

Question 20

Thrombi formation of MS

Answer 20

LA

Question 21

Cause of hemoptysis in MS

Answer 21

rupture of pulmonary-bronchial venous connections 2 to pulmonary venous hypertension

Question 22

Pe finding in severe MS

Answer 22

Malar flush with pinched and blue facies

Question 23

Pansystolic murmur produced by functional TR ar left sternal border accentuated by inspiration and diminished during forced expiration or with Valsalva maneuver

Answer 23

Carvallo’s sign

Question 24

Murmurs indicating severe pulmonary hypertension

Answer 24

Carvallo’s sign

Graham steell murmur

Question 25

High-pitched, diastolic, decrescendo blowing murmur along the left sternal border

Answer 25

Graham-Steell murmur

Question 26

MC arrhythmias in MVP

Answer 26

PVCs

Question 27

Whooping or honking systolic clicks

Answer 27

MVP