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HPIM 19th Cardio > Miscellaneous > Flashcards

Miscellaneous Flashcards

1
Q

Beck’s Triad

A

Muffled heart sounds
Hypotension
Inc JVP

(Cardiac Tamponade)

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2
Q

MC type of murmur

A

Midsystolic soft murmurs

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3
Q

Murmurs necessitating 2D echo

A 
Loud systolic
Holosystolic
Late systolic
All diastostolic
Continuous murmurs
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4
Q

Malar telangiectasia is a cutaneous manifestation of which CVD

A

Severe MS

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5
Q

Peripheral edema + Normal venous pressure

A 
Venous insufficiency (MCC)
Lymphatic obstruction
Venous obstruction
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6
Q

> 10mmHg decrease in SBP with inspiration

A

Pulsus paradoxus

seen in: pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade, massive PTE, hemorrhagic shock, severe COPD, tension pneumothorax

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7
Q

Slow, notched or interrupted upstroke

A

Anacrotic pulse (Pulsus parvus et tardus)

*aortic stenosis

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8
Q

Cardiac cycle with two systolic peaks

A

Bifid/Bisferiens pulse

AR and HCMP

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9
Q

Normal BP difference between arms

A

<10mmHg

legs: <20mmHg

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10
Q

High BP differentials

A

Aortic dissection
Atherosclerotic or inflammatory subclavian artery disease
Supraclavicular AS
CoA

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11
Q

Reversed split S1

A

LBBB
Severe MS
LA myxoma

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12
Q

Wide split s2

A

RBBB

Severe MR

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13
Q

Associated with click sound

A

MVP

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14
Q

Pericardial knock

A

Constrictive pericarditis

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15
Q

Opening snap

A

Mitral stenosis

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16
Q

Increases the murmur of MVP and HOCM

A

Standing

Valsalva or coughing

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17
Q

Decreases the murmur of MVP and HOCM

A

Squatting
Passive leg raising
Handgrip exercise

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18
Q

Early diastolic murmurs

A

Aortic regurgitation

Pulmonic regurgitation

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19
Q

RAE on ECG

A

Tall peaked P waves (>/=2.5 mm) in limb and precordial leads

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20
Q

LAE on ECG

A

Biphasic P wave in limb leads or notched in limb leads

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21
Q

LVH on ECG

A

RV5 or RV6 >25mm

SV1 + RV5 or V6 >/=35mm

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22
Q

RVH on ECG

A

R>S on V1 with RAD or
R, RS, qR pattern in V1 or
ST depression and T wave inversion in the right to midprecordial leads

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23
Q

Triggered automaticity secondary to afterdepolarizations during and action potential

A

Torsades de pointes

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24
Q

Delayed afterdepolarizations

A

Digitalis toxicity

Reperfusion VT

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25
Q

Tacchyarrhythmia occuring primarily among patients with chronic pulmo disease

A

Multifocal atrial tachycardia

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26
Q

Drug-induced Mobitz Type 1

A

B blockers

Non Dihydropyridines

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27
Q

MC tachycardia caused by an acessory pathway

A

AV reentry tachycardia (AVRT)

*orthodromic

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28
Q

MC antidromic AV reentry

A

Preexcited tachycardia

29
Q

CHA2DS2-VASc

A 
CHF
HPN
Age: 75=2
DM
Stroke
Vascular Disease
Age: 65-74=1
Sex female
30
Q

Most frequent site of origin of idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias

A

RV outflow tract

31
Q

Configuration of RV outflow tract ventricular arrhythmias on ECG

A

LBBB with inferior frontal axis

32
Q

ICD placement in high-risk survivors of AMI

A

> 40 days after AMI and LVEF = 0.3 or EF = 0.35 + SYMPTOMATIC HF (FC II-III)

> 5 days after AMI + LVEF, nonsustained VT and inducible sustained VT or VF on electrophysiologic testing

33
Q

Vtach + CAD

A

Occurs in the setting of a large prior MI with markedly depressed LVEF

34
Q

DOC for Torsades de pointes

A

IV MgSO4

35
Q

Highest risk for Torsades de pointes

A

Sotalol

36
Q

First line treatment of symptomatic idiopathic VT

A

Catheter ablation

37
Q

Can present with either preserved or depressed EF

A

CAD

HPN

38
Q

PE finding which is an indicator of severity of hemodynamic compromise in heart failure

A

Presence of S3

39
Q

Most useful index of LV function

A

Ejection Fraction

40
Q

Role of exercise stress testing in patients with heart failure

A

Assess need for cardiac transplantation in advanced HF

*<14ml/kg/min peak O2 uptake, better survival

41
Q

First principle of management of acute decompensated HF

A

Identify and address any precipitant

42
Q

Worse outcomes for acute decompensated HF

A

BUN >43 mg/dL
Elevated trop I
Crea >2.75 mg/dL
SBP <115 mmHg

BECS

43
Q

Cornerstone therapy of HFrEF

A

BBlockers

ACEI

44
Q

Principal determinant of the clinical course, manifestations and feasibilitynof repair of VSD

A

Pulmonary vascular bed

45
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot

A

VSD
RV outflow tract obstruction
RV hypertrophy
Aortic overriding the VSD

46
Q

Downward displacement of TV into the RV

A

Ebstein anomaly

47
Q

Midsystolic murmur, low-pitched, rasping, best heard at the 2nd right ICS radiating to the carotid arteries

A

Aortic Stenosis

48
Q

Murmur not seen in AF

A

S4

49
Q

Systolic murmur with cooing or “sea gull” quality

A

Ruptured chordae tendineae

50
Q

MC valvular involvement in carcinoid syndrome

A

Pulmonic valve

51
Q

Drug useful across all types of most common valvular heart diseases

A

Diuretics

52
Q

Diagnostic criteria of myocarditis

A

Dallas criteria

lymphocytic infiltration with evidence of myocyte necrosis

53
Q

CMP in amyloidosis

A

Restrictive CMP

54
Q

Earliest symptom of most cardiomyopathies

A

Exertional intolerance due to inadequate cardiac reserve during exercise

55
Q

Characteristic feature of restrictive CMP

A

Predominant right-sided congestive symptoms

56
Q

4 principal features of acute pericarditis

A

Pericardial effusion
Characteristic chest pain
Characteristic ECG changes
Presence of pericardial friction rub

57
Q

Murmur associated in ankylosing spondylitis

A

AR

58
Q

Clinical manifestations in ASD

A

Angina
Syncope
Dyspnea

*Death in 1-2 years

59
Q

Characterisitic PE findings of TR

A

Hepatomegaly with pulsations

60
Q

Effectivity of diuretics in volume overload

A

Weight loss of 4.5 kg in 5 days

*if with resistance add thiazides

61
Q

AF in acute alcohol intake

A

Holiday heart syndrome

62
Q

Best describes the chest pain of acute pericarditis

A

Severe retrosternal often pleuritic and referred to the back and left trapezius

63
Q

First line treatment of acute idiopathic pericarditis

A

Aspirin

If unresponsive: Colchicine

64
Q

MC primary malignant tumor of the heart

A

Sarcoma

65
Q

Ca with highest risk of cardiac metastasis

A

Malignant melanoma

66
Q

2 causes of renovascular hypertension

A 
Atherosclerosis
Fibromuscular dysplasia (MC: medial)
67
Q

MC congenital cardiovascular cause of hypertension

A

Coarctation of the aorta

68
Q

MC form of SVT

A

Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia (AVNRT)

69
Q

McGinn-White sign

A

S1Q3T3 in Pulmo Embolism

HPIM 19th Cardio (8 decks)

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