Valvular Heart Disease Flashcards
Stenosis
Narrowed opening that impedes blood moving forward
Insufficiency
Improper closure-some blood flows backwards (regurgitation)
Congenital valvular heart disease
Affects all four valves and causes other stenosis or insufficiency
Acquired valvular heart disease
Classified as one of 3 types
-degenerative disease: due to damage overtime from mechanical stress (most common from HTN)
-rheumatic disease: gradual fibrotic changes, clarification of valve cusps. MITRAL
VALVE is most commonly affected
-infective endocar ditis : infectious organisms destroy valve. STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS are common causes
Mitral stenosis (left sided )
- Diastolic murmur
- atrial fib
- jugular venous distention
- pitting edema
- hemopytsis
- cough
- dysphagia
- hoarseness
Mitral insufficiency (left sided )
- systolic murmur
- S3 and/or S4 sounds
- A fib
- Palpitation
- Jugular venous distention
- pitting edema
- crackles in lungs
- possible diminished lung sounds
Aortic Stenosis (left sided )
- systolic murmur
- S3 and/or S4 sounds
- angina
- syncope
- narrowed pulse pressure
Aortic insufficiency (left sided )
- diastolic murmur
- S3
- sinus tachycardia
- palpitations
- angina
- widened pulse pressure
left sided valve damages cause
increased pulmonary artery pressure, left ventricular hypertrophy, and decreased cardiac output, resulting in orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, and fatigue
Right sided valve damage results in
dyspnea, fatigue, increased right atrial pressure, peripheral edema, jugular vein distention, and hepatomegaly
Tricupsid stenosis (right)
- diastolic murmur
- atrial dysrhythmias
- decreased cardiac output
Tricuspis insufficiency (right
- systolic murmur
- supraventricular tachycardia
- conduction delays
- “fluttering” neck vein sensations
Pulmonic stenosis (right)
- systolic murmur
- angina
- syncope
- cyanosis
Pulmonic insufficiency (right)
Diastolic murmur and possible split S2
