Invasive Cardiovascular Procedures

Question 1

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)

Answer 1

A nonsurgical procedure performed to open coronary arteries through one of the following means:

+atherectomy
+stent
+angioplasty or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

Question 2

Atherectomy

Answer 2

Used to break up and remove plaques within cardiac vessels

Question 3

Stent

Answer 3

Placement of a mesh-wire device to hold an artery open and prevent restenosis

Question 4

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) or angioplasty

Answer 4

Involves inflating balloon to dilate the arterial lumen and the adhering plaque, thus widening the arterial lumen. This can include stent placement

Question 5

Indications for pci

Answer 5

• coronary artery disease when there is greater than 50% occlusion of one to two coronary arteries. Confined not scattered.
• most effective if t is done within 90 minutes of chest pain

Question 6

Coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG)

Answer 6

-invasive surgical procedure that aims to restore vascularization of the myocardium

Question 7

Indication for cabg

Answer 7

• over 50% blockage of left main coronary artery with a final episodes (blockage inaccessible to angioplasty and stenting)
• angina
• heart failure or cardiogenic shock
• coronary artery disease

Question 8

D/C for cabg

Answer 8

• diuretics 2-3 days before surgery

- aspirin and other anticoagulants 1 week before surgery

Question 9

Post procedure for cabg

Answer 9

-monitor chest turn latency and drainage (volume exceeding 150 could be a sign of possible hemorrhage and should be reported to the surgeon)

Question 10

Peripheral bypass graft

Answer 10

Aim to restore adequate blood flow to areas affected by peripheral artery disease