cardio diagnostic and therapeutic prodecures Flashcards
Creatine Kinase MB isoenzyme (CK-MB)
30-70 units/L
0% of total CK
first detectable 4-6 hours
Troponin T
Less than 0. ng/L
elevated levels first detectable: 3-5 hours
Myoglobin
Less than 90 mcg/L
elevated levels first detectable: 2 hours
Troponin I
less than 0.03 ng/L
elevated levels first detectable 3 hours
Total cholesterol
Less than 200 mg/dl
HDL
females: 35-80 mg/dl
Males: 35-65 mg/dl
“good” cholesterol: produced by the liver
LDL
Less than 130 mg/dl
“bad” cholesterol can be up to 70 % of total cholesterol
Triglycerides
Males: 40-160 mg/dl
Females: 35-135 mg/dl
older adults (over the age of 65): 55-220 mg/dl
evaluate for atherosclerosis
Echocardiogram
used to evaluate the valves of the heart and cardiomyopathy
Stress testing
when the client walks on the treadmill.
- provides information regarding the workload of the heart.
- must be fasting for 2-4 hours. avoid smoking, caffeine, and alcohol
Hemodynamic monitoring
involved indwelling catheters and how well the heart is pumping
Manifestations of altered hemodynamics for PRELOAD
Right heart - CVP
Left heart - PAWP
Elevated
- crackles
- jugular vein distention
- hepatomegaly
- peripheral edema
- taut skin turgor
Decreased:
- Poor skin turgor
- dry mucous membranes
Manifestation of altered hemodynamics for AFTERLOAD
- Right heart- pulmonary vascular resistance (VPR)
- Left heart- pulmonary vascular resistance (SVR)
elevated:
- cool extremities
- weak pulses
Decreased:
- Warm extremities
- bounding peripheral pulses
Angiography
cardiac catheterization used to evaluate the presence and degree of coronary artery blockage
- can also be done to lower extremities to look for blockage and blood flow
- used with injection of contrast media under fluoroscopy
- should be NPO for at least 8 hours (aspiration)
