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Foundations 2 exam 2 > Valvular disease > Flashcards

Valvular disease Flashcards

1
Q

This type of valvular disease causes pressure to build up upstream

A

stenosis

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2
Q

This type of valvular disease causes volume overload and dilation

A

regurgitation

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3
Q

Without compensation, ventricles will fail, leading to

A

Cardiogenic shock

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4
Q

What imaging test should be ordered if a pt has SOB, dyspnea, palpitations, syncope, edema?

A

Echo

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5
Q

Valvular disease workup

A

EKG, CXR, ECHO, Cultures, Cardiac Cath (rule out CAD or valvular disease)

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6
Q

what valve replacement has a short life span but does not require anticoag therapy

A

Bioprosthetic

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7
Q

what valve replacement has a long lifespan but requires anticoag (INR>2.5-3.5)

A

Mechanical

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8
Q

What are the ACC AHA stages for valvular disease

A 
A. risk of valve disease
B. Asymp + mild/mod valvular disease
C: Asymp with severe valvular disease
c1: C without LV dysfuntion
c2: C with LH dysfunction
d: SXS due to valvular disease
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9
Q

Causes of MS

A

Rheumatic fever, congenital (rare)

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10
Q

What is the risk from MS that leads to A-Fib

A

Thromboembolism, give Warfarin

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11
Q

What are the SXS progression of MS

A

1st Dyspnea, then PND and Orthopnea and Hoarsness, and hemoptosis

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12
Q

PE of this valve disease are Cyanosis, apical distolic thrill (purring cat), JVP, Murmur = snapping open diastolic murmur heard best in the left lateral decub position

A

MS

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13
Q

What medications do you give to treat MS?

A

Beta blockers and warfarin. Reduce salt intake.

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14
Q

How do you surgically correct MS

A

Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty.

Replace the stenosis over repair.

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15
Q

What valvular disease is associate with Youth, women, thin, pectus excavatum, marfans, ehlers-danlos?

A

MVP

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16
Q

What is the murmur associated with MVP and what meds do you give

A

systolic click, beta blockers

17
Q

What are acute and chronic causes of MR

A 
Acute = chordea rupture
Chronic = annular size increase and LV dilation, MVP
18
Q

what valve disease increases preload and decrease afterload in LV

A

MR

19
Q

What’s the MR murmur?

A

Holosystolic blowing toward axilla with s3 (rapid LV filling)

20
Q

What could an EKG, CXR and ECHO show MR

A 
EKG = normal
CXR = cardiomegaly
ECHO = 1+ to 4+ regurg and overestimated EF
21
Q

What meds and surgical treatment can you do for MR

A

diuretics, but no med will prevent MR. Repair MR with TMVR

22
Q

what type of shock can be caused by acute MR, and what meds help Acute MR

A

cardiogenic.

IV nitro

23
Q

Who get AS and what are 2 risk factors

A

> 65

Rheumatic fever, or bicuspid Aortic valves

24
Q

What valvular disease is associated with Fixed Cardiac output and what does fixed cardiac output mean.

A

AS.

Patient can not increase CO, so stress tests are contraindicated.

25
Q

What is the classic sxs of severe AS, and what is AS’s murmur

A

Syncope, Angina, Dyspnea.

Murmur = Crescendo-Decrescendo at RSB

26
Q

what meds and surgical procedure fixes AS?

A

No meds.
TAVR, replace stenosis, repair regurg.
Balloon valvuloplasty

27
Q

what are some causes of acute and chronic AR

A

Leaflet root disease
Acute = aortic dissection,
Chronic = Bicuspid AV, root dilation, rheumatic fever

28
Q

what valve disease leads to increased LV pressure in diastole, leading to LVH, and decreases aortic compliance?

A

AR

29
Q

What is the murmur, medication, and axix deviation for AR

A

Austin flint, water hammer = diastolic decresendo at LSB.
medication (CAB) = CCB, ACE, BetaB
L-axis deviation

30
Q

Which valve disease is a hemodynamic emergency leading to cardio decompensation, caused by aortic dissection

A

Acute AR

31
Q

which valve disease’s CRX shows an widened mediastinum in aortic dissection, and what meds can you give to reduce shearing pressure

A

Acute AR

Beta blocker

32
Q

What valve disease leads to Elevated JVD, hepatomegaly, LE edema, and has a diastolic murmur heard at the LSB

A

TS

33
Q

70% of patients have this murmur

A

TR

34
Q

ID the valvular disease. Pansystolic murmur at 3/4 ICS at LSB, and leads to RHF

A

TR

35
Q

What valve disease has EKG findings of RBBB, A-Fib, and RAE

A

TR

36
Q

What valvular disease is associated with Tetralogy of fallot, is found in cyanotic babies, and has a cresendo-decresendo murmur at the 3/4 ICS

A

PS

Foundations 2 exam 2 (13 decks)

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