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Foundations 2 exam 2 > Hyperlipidemia 1 > Flashcards

Hyperlipidemia 1 Flashcards

1
Q

__________= Elevation of both total cholesterol and triglycerides

A

Hyperlipidemia (HLD)

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2
Q

Which type of dyslipidemia?

•Genetic abnormality of cholesterol metabolism

A

Primary dyslipidemia

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3
Q

Which type of dyslipidemia?

  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Excessive alcohol use
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Cholestatic liver disease
  • Renal disease
  • Smoking
  • Obesity
A

Secondary Dyslipidemia

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4
Q

The following medications are for which type of dyslipidemia?

  1. OCPs
  2. thiazide diuretics
  3. beta blockers
  4. some atypical antipsychotics
  5. protease inhibitors
A

Secondary dyslipidemia

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5
Q

What are the 2 main types of lipids?

A
  1. Cholesterol (helps form steroid hormones and bile acids)
  2. Triglycerides (helps transfer energy from food to cells)
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6
Q

________= how lipids are transported

  • Contain proteins – “apoproteins”
  • Classified by density
    • Low density = more triglycerides
    • High density = more apoproteins
A

Lipoproteins

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7
Q

Transport:

  1. Liver uses fat and CHO stores to make VLDL
  2. VLDL transfers TG to cells
  3. As VLDL loses TG, LDL created
  4. LDL provides cholesterol to cells
  5. Excess LDL taken up by liver, cholesterol excreted into bile
  6. HDL made in liver & intestine
A
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8
Q

What is HDL’s role in the transport of lipids?

A
  • HDL is made in liver and intestine
  • Helps with apoprotein transport & reversal of cholesterol transport (transfers cholesterol to other lipoproteins or directly into liver)
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9
Q

How is cholesterol carried?

Total cholesterol= ____ + ______ + ______

A

Total Cholesterol = HDL + VLDL + LDL

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10
Q

Lipid fractions:

Most clinical laboratories MEASURE ________, _________, and _______

A

total cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL

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11
Q

Most triglycerides are found in ______particles

A

VLDL

VLDL cholesterol= TG/5

**Must be fasting to give lowest TG (if TG too high, estimation of LDL can be wrong)**

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12
Q

Primary or Secondary prevention of CVD?

No evidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD)

A

Primary Prevention of CVD

-Want to prevent development of CVD

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13
Q

Primary or Secondary prevention of CVD?

–Known ASCVD

–Goal = prevention of a second event

A

Secondary prevention

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14
Q

The following constitutes_________:

–Coronary heart disease (CHD)

–Cerebrovascular disease

–Peripheral artery disease

–Aortic atherosclerosis and thoracic or abdominal aortic aneurysm

A

Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)

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15
Q

______= Fatty material collects in arterial walls, hardening over time

A

ACSVD

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16
Q

Process of _______ is started by excess cholesterol (VLDL and LDL)

  • Result of abnormal cholesterol metabolism
    • Genetic
    • Insulin resistance
    • Organ dysfunction
  • Process enhanced by lifestyle factors
A

ASCVD

17
Q

The process of ASCVD is enhanced by what lifestyle factors?

A
  • Saturated fats/ trans-fats
  • Obesity
  • Smoking
  • Blood pressure level
18
Q

The following are steps of _______ formation:

  1. Small, dense LDL enters and “sticks” to artery wall
  2. Triggers cascade of events
    • Oxidation of LDL (Pro-inflammatory, thrombotic)
    • Attracts macrophages–> foam cells
    • Endothelial dysfunction
    • Vasoconstriction
A

Plaque formation

19
Q

What does plaque rupture result in?

A
  1. MI in coronaries
  2. TIA or CVA in brain
20
Q

The following are non-modifiable or modifiable cardiovascular risk factors?

  • Age (Men > 45 y/o, Women > 55 y/o)
  • Sex
  • Family history of premature heart disease in first degree relative
  • Men < 55 y/o
  • Women < 65 y/o
A

non-modifiable

21
Q

The following are non-modifiable or modifiable cardiovascular risk factors?

  1. HTN
  2. DM
  3. Dyslipidemia
  4. Kidney disease
  5. Obesity
  6. Smoking
  7. HDL
A

Modifiable risk factors

22
Q

•50% of CVD diagnoses and 15% of CVD deaths are in patients < ___ y/o

A

<65y/o

23
Q

What is the main difference between ‘Hard’ Coronary Framingham risk score and ACC/AHA ASCVD Risk Estimator Plus?

A

‘Hard’ Coronary Framingham risk score identifies 10 year risk of MI or death whereas ACC/AHA showed 10 yr risk of heart disease or stroke

**Also, ACC/AHA includes race

24
Q

The following is included in which CVD risk calculators?

  1. Age
  2. Sex
  3. Smoker
  4. Total cholesterol
  5. HDL cholesterol
  6. SBP
  7. Blood pressure treated with meds?
A

‘Hard’ Coronary Framingham risk score

25
Q

The following are included in which CVD risk calculator?

  1. Age
  2. Sex
  3. Race (AA or other)
  4. Total cholesterol
  5. LDL cholesterol
  6. HDL cholesterol
  7. Statin treatment?
  8. SBP
  9. Hypertension treatment?
  10. Diabetes
  11. Current smoker
  12. Aspirin therapy
A
26
Q

HIGH LDL= _____ ASCVD risk

A

High

27
Q

High HDL= ____ ASCVD risk

A

LOW

Foundations 2 exam 2 (13 decks)

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