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MS3 - CVS > Valvular disease > Flashcards

Valvular disease Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of acute AR

A

Infective endocarditis

Type A aortic dissection

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2
Q

Causes of chronic AR

A

Congenital - bicuspid aortic valve
Rheumatic heart disease
Connective tissue - Marfan’s
Autoimmune - Ank Spond, RA

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3
Q

Symptoms of AR

A

LVF - SOB, orthopnoea, PND
Arrhythmias
Angina

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4
Q

Signs of AR

A 
Collapsing pulse
Wide pulse pressure
Apex displaced
HS: Soft S2 +/- S3
Early Diastolic Murmur
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5
Q

Ix for AR

A

Bloods
ECG
CXR - pulmonary oedema, cardiomegaly
Echo

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6
Q

Mx of AR

A

Optimise RFs - statins, antihypertensives, DM

Aortic valve replacement

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7
Q

Causes of mitral stenosis (MS)

A

Rheumatic fever
Prosthetic valve
Congenital

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8
Q

Symptoms of MS

A

Dyspnoea
Chest pain
AF - atrial hypertrophy
Haemoptysis - rupture of bronchial veins

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9
Q

Signs of MS

A 
Manifest when orifice < 2 square cm
AF
Malar flush
Raised JVP
HS: Loud S1
Mid Diastolic Murmur
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10
Q

Complications of MS

A

Pulmonary HTN
Emboli
Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy - hoarse voice
Dysphagia - oesophageal compression

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11
Q

Ix for MS

A

Bloods
ECG
CXR - mitral valve calcification, pulmonary oedema
Echo

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12
Q

Mx of MS

A

Optimise RFs
Percutaneous ballon valvuloplasty
Surgical valvotomy
Valve replacement

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13
Q

Causes of MR

A 
Mitral valve prolapse
LV dilatation
Post MI
Rheumatic fever
Connective tissue - Marfan's
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14
Q

Symptoms of MR

A

Dyspnoea
AF
Pulmonary HTN
Pulmonary Oedema

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15
Q

Signs of MR

A

AF
Apex displaced
HS: Soft S1
Pan Systolic Murmur

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16
Q

Ix of MR

A

Bloods
ECG
CXR - mitral valve calcification, pulmonary oedema
Echo

17
Q

Mx of MR

A

Optimise RFs
Valve repair
Valve replacement

18
Q

Barlow syndrome

A

Mitral valve prolapse

19
Q

Causes of mitral valve prolapse

A

MI
Marfan’s
Turner’s

20
Q

Signs of mitral valve prolapse

A

Mid Systolic click

+/- Late Systolic Murmur

21
Q

AR murmur

A

Early Diastolic Murmur

22
Q

MS murmur

A

Mid Diastolic Murmur

23
Q

MR murmur

A

Pan Systolic murmur

24
Q

AS murmur

A

Ejection Systolic murmur

MS3 - CVS (11 decks)

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