Valvular disease Flashcards
stenotic deformity
Valve does not open properly
Narrow valve obstructing, good flow of blood through it
Chamber behind hyper trophies to pump against the obstructed valve
regurgitation deformity
Valve does not close properly
Blood flow forward and backward as valve is not closed properly
Prolapse
affects mitral valve leaflets
descending down and not closing properly
when is mitral valve open or closed?
closed in systole
open in diastole
cause of mitral regurgitation
mitral valve prolapse
Weak chordae tendinea
Scarring of capillary muscle after MI , chronic heart disease have leaflet fibrosis
S/S of mitral prolapse
shortness of breath with exertion or supine
Heart palpitations tired, swollen ankles
Blood leaks into left atrium
Murmur heard in mitral area in systole
Mid systolic click with systolic murmur
holosystolic murmur
mitral stenosis cause
Rheumatic fever
mitral stenosis S/S
shortness of breath with exertion or in supine, heart palpitations, tired, swollen ankles, coughing blood, dysphasia
valve opening is 4 to 6 cm normally and it narrows to 2 cm
left atrial pressure increases
leads to pulmonary hypertension, RT heart failure , arrhythmia
Murmur heard in the mitral area in diastole
Snap diastolic murmur
when is tricuspid valve open or closed?
Closed in systole
Open in diastole
Cause of tricuspid regurgitation
pulmonary hypertension
Weak Cordae tendinea
Scarring a capillary muscles after MI
chronic rheumatoid heart disease have leaflet fibrosis
s/s tricuspid regurgitation
Fatigue declining exercise capacity
Swelling in abdomen legs or veins in the neck
Pulsing in neck
enlarged liver
Shortness of breath with activity
Blood leaks into right atrium leads to right heart failure
holosystolic murmur
murmur heard in tricuspid area in systole
No repair needed
cause of tricuspid stenosis
Rheumatoid fever
s/s tricuspid stenosis
fatigue right heart failure, dysphasia
Valve opening is 4 to 6 mm and narrows 2 cm
Right atrial pressure increases
Pulmonary hypertension, right heart failure, arrhythmia develop
X-ray- right atrium dilated
Snap diastolic murmur
Murmur in the tricuspid area in diastole
Balloon valvuloplasty
when is the aortic valve open or closed?
Open in systole
closed in diastole
aortic valve regurgitation cause
Aortic root dilation pull the leaflets
Ineffective endocarditis
RH fever
s/s aortic reguritation
fatigue weakness
SOB with exercise or when you lay down
Swollen ankles, and feet
Chest pain often increasing with exercise
Lightheadedness or fainting
Irregular pulse or fluttering heartbeat
High systolic pressure with lower diastolic pressure means wider pulse pressure
Hyper dynamic circulation, bounding pulse
Diastolic murmur heard in ERBS area
Aortic valve stenosis cause
calcification, fibrosis after age 60
Chronic rheumatic fever
schiscocytes- hemoglobi
s/s aortic stenosis
chest pain or tightness with activity
Feeling faint or dizzy with activity
Shortness of breath with activity
Fatigue, heart palpitations
Not eating enough, not gaining enough weight
Normal 3 to 4 cm narrows to 1 cm
Systolic murmur heard at aortic area
systolic crescendo decrescendo murmur
when does the pulmonary valve open close?
Open in systole
Close in diastole
Cause of pulmonary valve regurgitation
tetralogy of fallot
pulmonary htn
ineffective endocarditis
rh fever
s/s pulmonary valve regurgitation
fatigue and weakness
SOB with exercise or when you lie down
Chest pain swollen ankles, and feet
Lightheadedness and fainting, irregular pulse, fluttering heartbeat
Right ventricular dysfunction
right heart failure
early diastolic decrescendo murmur heard in ERBS area during inspiration
valve replacement
cause of pulmonary valve stenosis
Heart problems at birth
Rubella exposure in intrauterine life
Rheumatic fever
s/s pulmonary valve stenosis
chest pain tightness
Faint, dizzy, shortness of breath
Arrhythmias fatigue
Blue gray skin in children
Normal 3 to 4 cm narrows to 1 cm
mid to late systolic murmur at pulmonic area
Split S2
Ejection systolic click
