Valvular disease

Question 1

stenotic deformity

Answer 1

Valve does not open properly

Narrow valve obstructing, good flow of blood through it

Chamber behind hyper trophies to pump against the obstructed valve

Question 2

regurgitation deformity

Answer 2

Valve does not close properly

Blood flow forward and backward as valve is not closed properly

Question 3

Prolapse

Answer 3

affects mitral valve leaflets

descending down and not closing properly

Question 4

when is mitral valve open or closed?

Answer 4

closed in systole
open in diastole

Question 5

cause of mitral regurgitation

Answer 5

mitral valve prolapse
Weak chordae tendinea
Scarring of capillary muscle after MI , chronic heart disease have leaflet fibrosis

Question 6

S/S of mitral prolapse

Answer 6

shortness of breath with exertion or supine
Heart palpitations tired, swollen ankles

Blood leaks into left atrium
Murmur heard in mitral area in systole
Mid systolic click with systolic murmur

holosystolic murmur

Question 7

mitral stenosis cause

Answer 7

Rheumatic fever

Question 8

mitral stenosis S/S

Answer 8

shortness of breath with exertion or in supine, heart palpitations, tired, swollen ankles, coughing blood, dysphasia

valve opening is 4 to 6 cm normally and it narrows to 2 cm

left atrial pressure increases
leads to pulmonary hypertension, RT heart failure , arrhythmia

Murmur heard in the mitral area in diastole

Snap diastolic murmur

Question 9

when is tricuspid valve open or closed?

Answer 9

Closed in systole
Open in diastole

Question 10

Cause of tricuspid regurgitation

Answer 10

pulmonary hypertension

Weak Cordae tendinea
Scarring a capillary muscles after MI
chronic rheumatoid heart disease have leaflet fibrosis

Question 11

s/s tricuspid regurgitation

Answer 11

Fatigue declining exercise capacity
Swelling in abdomen legs or veins in the neck
Pulsing in neck
enlarged liver
Shortness of breath with activity

Blood leaks into right atrium leads to right heart failure

holosystolic murmur

murmur heard in tricuspid area in systole

No repair needed

Question 12

cause of tricuspid stenosis

Answer 12

Rheumatoid fever

Question 13

s/s tricuspid stenosis

Answer 13

fatigue right heart failure, dysphasia
Valve opening is 4 to 6 mm and narrows 2 cm

Right atrial pressure increases
Pulmonary hypertension, right heart failure, arrhythmia develop
X-ray- right atrium dilated

Snap diastolic murmur
Murmur in the tricuspid area in diastole

Balloon valvuloplasty

Question 14

when is the aortic valve open or closed?

Answer 14

Open in systole
closed in diastole

Question 15

aortic valve regurgitation cause

Answer 15

Aortic root dilation pull the leaflets

Ineffective endocarditis

RH fever

Question 16

s/s aortic reguritation

Answer 16

fatigue weakness
SOB with exercise or when you lay down
Swollen ankles, and feet

Chest pain often increasing with exercise
Lightheadedness or fainting
Irregular pulse or fluttering heartbeat

High systolic pressure with lower diastolic pressure means wider pulse pressure

Hyper dynamic circulation, bounding pulse
Diastolic murmur heard in ERBS area

Question 17

Aortic valve stenosis cause

Answer 17

calcification, fibrosis after age 60

Chronic rheumatic fever

schiscocytes- hemoglobi

Question 18

s/s aortic stenosis

Answer 18

chest pain or tightness with activity
Feeling faint or dizzy with activity
Shortness of breath with activity

Fatigue, heart palpitations
Not eating enough, not gaining enough weight

Normal 3 to 4 cm narrows to 1 cm

Systolic murmur heard at aortic area
systolic crescendo decrescendo murmur

Question 19

when does the pulmonary valve open close?

Answer 19

Open in systole
Close in diastole

Question 20

Cause of pulmonary valve regurgitation

Answer 20

tetralogy of fallot
pulmonary htn
ineffective endocarditis
rh fever

Question 21

s/s pulmonary valve regurgitation

Answer 21

fatigue and weakness
SOB with exercise or when you lie down
Chest pain swollen ankles, and feet
Lightheadedness and fainting, irregular pulse, fluttering heartbeat

Right ventricular dysfunction
right heart failure

early diastolic decrescendo murmur heard in ERBS area during inspiration

valve replacement

Question 22

cause of pulmonary valve stenosis

Answer 22

Heart problems at birth

Rubella exposure in intrauterine life

Rheumatic fever

Question 23

s/s pulmonary valve stenosis

Answer 23

chest pain tightness
Faint, dizzy, shortness of breath
Arrhythmias fatigue

Blue gray skin in children
Normal 3 to 4 cm narrows to 1 cm

mid to late systolic murmur at pulmonic area

Split S2
Ejection systolic click