Cardiac exam

Question 1

Electrocardiogram and serial monitoring

Answer 1

provide info on the state of the heart muscle and rhythm

Do not predict future and cannot get information on coronary anatomy

Question 2

pulmonary function tests

Answer 2

Abnormal PFTs indicate the effects of pathological conditions and may provide clues regarding patient motivation

Question 3

arterial blood gases

Answer 3

Measurement of acid base oxygenation status

Question 4

cardiac catheterization data

Answer 4

provides information about anatomy of coronary arteries

Provides dynamic assessment of cardiac muscle

Question 5

Hospital course

Answer 5

Review physicians and other caregivers notes order sheets to reveal pertinent information on clinical course

Question 6

clubbing

Answer 6

softening of nail bed
Loss abnormal angle between the nail bed and the fold
increase in nail fold convexity
The thickening of the end of the finger

80% of clubbing is due to cardio pulmonary causes

Question 7

endurance testing

Answer 7

Timed/distance walking Wheeling cycling tests

six minute walk test
Two minute walk
50 m walk
Tug

Question 8

rate of perceived exertion

Answer 8

11- 40 to 50% aerobic capacity

11-13: adequate for training

Question 9

pollock ratings

Answer 9

12 to 13 correspond to 60 to 70% of functional capacity and can be used to establish the recommended training activity

Question 10

borg ratings

Answer 10

Rating of 12 to 17 correspond to a target intensity adequate for an exercise session of 20 to 40 minutes for most age groups

Question 11

14-16 RPE

Answer 11

75-85% max capacity

Question 12

angina scale

Answer 12

Location and distribution of pain

Duration of pain

Exercise intensity at its onset

1+ -> 4+

Question 13

dyspnea level

Answer 13

able to count to 15 in a 7.5 to 8 second manner

Level 0- single breath
Level 1- two breaths
level 2- three breaths
level 3- 4 breaths
level 4- unable to count

Question 14

functional dyspnea scale

Answer 14

0 not troubled with breathlessness, except with strenuous exercise

1 troubled by SOB when hurrying on the level or walking up a slight hill

2 slower than people of the same age level because of breathlessness or has to stop for breath when walking at own pace

3 stops for breath after walking about 100 m or after a few minutes

4 to breathlessness to leave the house or breathless dressing or undressing