Valvular disease

Question 1

How does mechanical stress over time lead to fibrosis

Answer 1

Damage endothelium

Question 2

How does chronic RF lead to fibrosis in AS

Answer 2

Repeat inflammation & repair

Question 3

Auscultation sound in AS

Answer 3

Crescendo decrescendo murmur

Question 4

When does valve replacement take place in AS & AR

Answer 4

After onset of symptoms

Question 5

What causes concentric LV hypertrophy in AS

Answer 5

High pressure on ventricles —> sarcomeres added in parallel

Question 6

Anaemia present in AS

Answer 6

Microangiopathic haemolytic

Question 7

Auscultation sound in AR

Answer 7

Early decrescendo diastolic murmur

Question 8

What does hyperdynamic circulation in AR lead to

Answer 8

• pounding pulse
• head bobbing
• ++ pulse pressure

Question 9

Is the diastolic or systolic pressure reduced in AR

Answer 9

Diastolic

Question 10

What causes eccentric LV hypertrophy in AR

Answer 10

Sarcomeres added in series

Question 11

Difference in overload between concentric & eccentric LVH

Answer 11

• concentric —> pressure overload

- eccentric —> volume overload

Question 12

Cavity size in eccentric LVH (differentiating)

Answer 12

Increased

Question 13

Wall thickness in concentric LVH (differentiating)

Answer 13

Increased