Valve disease Flashcards
Causes of acute AR
Infective endocarditis
Type A aortic dissection
Causes of chronic AR
Congenital - bicuspid aortic valve
Rheumatic heart disease
Connective tissue - Marfan’s
Autoimmune - Ank Spond, RA
Symptoms of AR
LVF
Arrhythmias
Angina
Sx of LVF
SOB
Orthopnoea
PND
Signs of AR
Collapsing pulse
Wide pulse pressure
Apex displaced
HS: Soft S2 +/- S3
Early Diastolic Murmur
Ix for AR
Bloods
ECG
CXR - pulmonary oedema, cardiomegaly
Echo
Mx of AR
Optimise RFs - statins, antihypertensives, DM
Aortic valve replacement
Causes of mitral stenosis (MS)
Rheumatic fever
Prosthetic valve
Congenital
Symptoms of MS
Dyspnoea
Chest pain
AF - atrial hypertrophy
Haemoptysis
Cause of haemoptysis with MS
Rupture of bronchial veins
Signs of MS
AF
Malar flush
Raised JVP
HS: Loud S1
Mid Diastolic Murmur
When does MS manifest
Manifest when orifice < 2 square cm
Complications of MS
Pulmonary HTN
Emboli
Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy
Dysphagia - oesophageal compression
Sign of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy
Hoarse voice
Mx of MS
Optimise RFs
Percutaneous ballon valvuloplasty
Surgical valvotomy
Valve replacement