Myocardial disease Flashcards by Thomas Eraifej

Acute myocarditis definition

Inflammation of myocardium

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Causes of acute myocarditis

Idiopathic

Viral

Bacterial

Spirochchaetes

Drugs

Vasculitis

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Viral causes of acute myocarditis

Flu

Hepatitis

Mumps

Coxsackie

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Bacterial causes of myocarditis

Clostridia

Diphtheria

Meningococcus

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Spirochaetes causes of acute myocarditis

Leptospirosis

Syphilis

Lyme

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Drug causes of acute myocarditis

Cyclophosphamide

Herceptin

Penicillin

Choramphenicol

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Sx of acute myocarditis

Fatigue

SOB

Chest pain

Fever

Palpitations

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Ix for acute myocarditis

ECG - ST elevation/depression

Positive troponin I or T

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How to rule out acute myocarditis

Negative antimyosin scintigraphy

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Mx of acute myocarditis

Supportive

Rx cause

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Dilated cardiomyopathy definition

Dilated, flabby heart

Unknown cause

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Associations of Dilated cardiomyopathy

Alcohol

HTN

Haemochromatosis

Thyrotoxicosis

Peri- or post partum

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Presentation of dilated cardiomyopathy

Fatigue

SOB

Pulmonary oedema

RVF

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Signs of dilated cardiomyopathy

Low BP

Tachycardia

Displaced apex

Mitral/Tricuspid regurgitation

Hepatomegaly

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Ix for dilated cardiomyopathy

CXR cardiomegaly

Raised BNP

Echo

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Echo findings in dilated cardiomyopathy

Globally dilated hypokinetic heart

Low ejection fraction

Mx of dilated cardiomyopathy

8 points

DABAD BIT

Bed rest

Diuretics

Digoxin

ACEi

Anticoagulation

Biventricular pacing

ICD

Transplant

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy definition

Left ventricle outflow tract obstruction

Due to asymmetrical septal hypertrophy

Epidemiology of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young

Ask FH of sudden death

Would have been useful in the OSCE

Causes of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Autosomal dominant

Sporadic

Mutations common in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Genes encoding:

Beta myosin
Alpha tropomyosin
Troponin T

Sx of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Sudden death

Angina

SOB

Palpitations

Syncope

CCF

Ejection systolic murmur

Ix for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

ECG

Echo

Exercise tests

ECG findings in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

LVH

Deep Q waves

Progressive T wave inversion

Wolf Parkinson White syndrome

Echo findings in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Asymmetrical septal hypertrophy

Mx of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Beta blocker or Verapamil Amiodarone Anticoagulation Dual chamber pacing Septal myomectomy ICD

Methods of septal myomectomy

Surgical Chemical with alcohol

Causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy

Idiopathic Amyloidosis Haemochromatosis Sarcoidosis Scleroderma

Presentation of restrictive cardiomyopathy

Similar to constrictive pericarditis RVF Hepatomegaly Ascites / oedema

Diagnosis of restrictive cardiomyopathy

Cardiac catheterization

Mx of restrictive cardiomyopathy

Rx cause

Cardiac myxoma definition

Rare Benign Cardiac tumour

Causes of cardiac myxoma

Sporadic Familial (Carney complex)

Carney complex features

Cardiac and cutaneous myxomas Skin pigmentation Endocrinopathy

Features of cardiac myxoma

Mimics infective endocarditis or mitral stenosis

Ix for Cardiac myxoma

Echo

Mx of Cardiac myxoma

Excision