Myocardial disease Flashcards by Thomas Eraifej | Brainscape

Q

Acute myocarditis definition

A

Inflammation of myocardium

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Q

Causes of acute myocarditis

A

Idiopathic

Viral

Bacterial

Spirochchaetes

Drugs

Vasculitis

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Q

Viral causes of acute myocarditis

A

Flu

Hepatitis

Mumps

Coxsackie

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Q

Bacterial causes of myocarditis

A

Clostridia

Diphtheria

TB

Meningococcus

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Q

Spirochaetes causes of acute myocarditis

A

Leptospirosis

Syphilis

Lyme

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Q

Drug causes of acute myocarditis

A

Cyclophosphamide

Herceptin

Penicillin

Choramphenicol

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Q

Sx of acute myocarditis

A

Fatigue

SOB

Chest pain

Fever

Palpitations

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Q

Ix for acute myocarditis

A

ECG - ST elevation/depression

Positive troponin I or T

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Q

How to rule out acute myocarditis

A

Negative antimyosin scintigraphy

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Q

Mx of acute myocarditis

A

Supportive

Rx cause

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Q

Dilated cardiomyopathy definition

A

Dilated, flabby heart

Unknown cause

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Q

Associations of Dilated cardiomyopathy

A

Alcohol

HTN

Haemochromatosis

Thyrotoxicosis

Peri- or post partum

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Q

Presentation of dilated cardiomyopathy

A

Fatigue

SOB

Pulmonary oedema

RVF

AF

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Q

Signs of dilated cardiomyopathy

A

Low BP

Tachycardia

Displaced apex

Mitral/Tricuspid regurgitation

Hepatomegaly

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Q

Ix for dilated cardiomyopathy

A

CXR cardiomegaly

Raised BNP

Echo

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Q

Echo findings in dilated cardiomyopathy

A

Globally dilated hypokinetic heart

Low ejection fraction

Q

Mx of dilated cardiomyopathy

8 points

DABAD BIT

A

Bed rest

Diuretics

Digoxin

ACEi

Anticoagulation

Biventricular pacing

ICD

Transplant

Q

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy definition

A

Left ventricle outflow tract obstruction

Due to asymmetrical septal hypertrophy

Q

Epidemiology of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

Leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young

Ask FH of sudden death

Would have been useful in the OSCE

Q

Causes of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

Autosomal dominant

Sporadic

Q

Mutations common in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

Genes encoding:

Beta myosin
Alpha tropomyosin
Troponin T

Q

Sx of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

Sudden death

Angina

SOB

Palpitations

Syncope

CCF

Ejection systolic murmur

Q

Ix for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

ECG

Echo

Exercise tests

Q

ECG findings in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

LVH

Deep Q waves

Progressive T wave inversion

Wolf Parkinson White syndrome

AF

VT

Q

Echo findings in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

Asymmetrical septal hypertrophy

Q

Mx of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

Beta blocker or Verapamil

Amiodarone

Anticoagulation

Dual chamber pacing

Septal myomectomy

ICD

Q

Methods of septal myomectomy

A

Surgical

Chemical with alcohol

Q

Causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

Idiopathic

Amyloidosis

Haemochromatosis

Sarcoidosis

Scleroderma

Q

Presentation of restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

Similar to constrictive pericarditis

RVF

Hepatomegaly

Ascites / oedema

Q

Diagnosis of restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

Cardiac catheterization

Q

Mx of restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

Rx cause

Q

Cardiac myxoma definition

A

Rare

Benign

Cardiac tumour

Q

Causes of cardiac myxoma

A

Sporadic

Familial (Carney complex)

Q

Carney complex features

A

Cardiac and cutaneous myxomas

Skin pigmentation

Endocrinopathy

Q

Features of cardiac myxoma

A

Mimics infective endocarditis or mitral stenosis

Q

Ix for Cardiac myxoma

A

Echo

Q

Mx of Cardiac myxoma

A

Excision