Pericardial Disease Flashcards by Thomas Eraifej | Brainscape

Q

Actue pericarditis definition

A

Inflammation of pericardium

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Q

General causes of acute pericarditis

A

Idiopathic

Infection

Dressler’s syndrome

Drugs

Other

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Q

Infective causes of acute pericarditis

A

Viral

Bacterial

Fungi

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Q

Viral causes of acute pericarditis

A

Coxsackie virus

EBV

VZV

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Q

Bacterial causes of acute pericarditis

A

Pneumonia

Rheumatic fever

TB

Staphs, Streps

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Q

Dressler’s syndrome definition

A

Form of pericarditits

2 to 10 wks post MI / myocardial injury

Auto-antibodies form against heart muscle

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Q

Drug causes of acute pericarditis

A

Hydralazine

Penicillin

Isoniazid

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Q

Other random causes of acute pericarditis

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

SLE

Uraemia

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Q

Sx of acute pericarditis

A

Chest pain

Worse on inspiration and lying flat

Pericardial rub

Fever

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Q

Acute pericarditis Ix

A

ECG saddle ST elevation

Viral serology

Blood cultures

FBC, U+E, Cardiac enzymes

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Q

Mx of acute pericarditis

A

Analgesia

Treat cause

Consider steroids / immunosuppressants

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Q

Problem with steroids and acute pericarditis

A

Steroids may increase risk of recurrence

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Q

Pericardial effusion definition

A

Fluid in pericardial sac

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Q

Causes of pericardial effusion

A

Any cause of pericarditis

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Q

Sx of pericardial effusion

A

SOB

Raised JVP

Ewart’s sign

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Q

Ewart’s sign

A

Bronchial breathing at left lower base

Q

Ix for pericardial effusion

A

CXR enlarged heart

Q

Mx of pericardial effusion

A

Treat the cause

Pericardiocentesis if tamponade

Q

Constrictive pericarditis definition

A

Rigid pericardium

Q

Causes of constrictive pericarditis

A

Idiopathic

Post acute pericarditis

Q

Sx of constrictive pericarditis

A

Right heart failre

Kussmaul’s sign

Quiet heart sounds

Q

Kussmaul’s sign

A

Paradoxical rise in JVP with inspiration

Q

Signs of right heart failure

A

Raised JVP

Hepatospleomegaly

Ascites

Oedema

Q

Ix for constrictive pericarditis

A

CXR: Small heart +/- pericardial calcification

Q

Mx of constrictive pericarditis

A

Surgical excision

Q

Cardiac tamponade definition

A

Pericardial effusion which increases intrapericardial pressure

Poor ventricle filling and CO

Q

Causes of cardiac tamponade

A

Acute pericarditis

Aortic dissection

Trauma

Q

Sx of cardiac tamponade

A

Beck’s triad

Kussmaul’s sign

Tachycardia

Q

Beck’s triad

A

Raised JVP

Hypotension

Muffled heart sounds

Q

Mx of cardiac tamponade

A

Call senior/specialist

Pericardiocentesis