Valve Disease

Question 1

Common Causes of Aortic Stenosis

Answer 1

Post-iinflammatoy scarring, senile calcific aortic stenosis or calcification of congenitally acquired valve

Question 2

Common Causes of Aortic Regurgitation

Answer 2

Post-iinflammatoy scarring, Degenerative aortic dilatation, Syphilitic aortitis, Ankylosing spondylitis, Rheumatoid arthritis, Marfan syndrome

Question 3

Common Causes of Mitral Regurgitation

Answer 3

Postinflammatory scarring Infective endocarditis Mitral valve prolapse, Rupture of papillary muscle an chordae tinidea, Papillary muscle dysfunction, LV enlargement (myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy) and Calcification of mitral ring

Question 4

Common Causes of Mitral Stenosis

Answer 4

Rheumatic Fever

Question 5

Compensations due to Valve Disorders

Answer 5

○ AV
		§ LV Concentric Hypertrophy
	○ AR and MR
		§ LV dilation
	○ MS
		§ LA Dilation and increased pressure

Question 6

Pathogenesis of Rheumatic Fever

Answer 6

• Group A streptococcus infection leads to the generation of antibodies against M antigen

Very similar to valve antigens leading to antibody binding and immune attacks of the valve, leading to fibrosis and calcification. Now valve is restricted in its ability to open.