Valve Disease Flashcards
Mitral Valve stenosis
stenosis ( valve opening becomes smaller = increased pressure in chamber that blood is trying ot leave)
Contractures develop with adhesions between leaflets
Mitral valve stenosis CM
a. Exertional dyspnea
b. Loud S1, diastolic murmur
c. Fatigue
d. Palpitations
e. Hoarseness, hemoptysis
f. Atrial fibrillation with risk for stroke
Mitral Valve Regurgitation
Regurgitation (incompetence or insufficiency) – incomplete closure of valve leaflets (blood backsup in the preceding structure)
Blood flows back from LV into LA
Mitral Valve Regurgitation Acute CM
(1) Weak, thready pulses
(2) Cool, clammy extremities
Mitral Valve Regurgitation Chronic CM
(1) Weakness, fatigue, palpitations, dyspnea
(2) Orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
(3) Peripheral edema
(4) Audible S3, murmur
Aortic Valve Stenosis
Obstruction of blood flow from LV to aorta during systole
Aortic Valve Stenosis CM
a. Angina
b. Syncope
c. Exertional dyspnea
d. Decreased or absent S2, systolic murmur,
prominent S4
What does you use to treat angina for aortic valve stenosis
Use nitroglycerin cautiously to treat angina (reduces preload and BP [hypotension] and can worsen chest pain)
Aortic Valve Regurgitation
Backward blood flow from ascending aorta into LV during diastole = results in volume overload.
Aortic Valve Regurgitation Acute CM
a. Severe dyspnea
b. Chest pain
c. Hypotension
d. Cardiogenic shock
e. Life-threatening emergency
Aortic Valve Regurgitation Chronic CM
a. May be asymptomatic for years
b. Exertional dyspnea, orthopnea, paroxysmal
dyspnea
c. Angina
d. “water-hammer” pulse (if severe)
e. Soft or absent S1, S3 or S4, murmur
Tricuspid valve stenosis CM
a. Fluttering discomfort in neck
b. Fatigue
c. Right upper quadrant pain
Pulmonic Valve Stenosis CM
a. Syncope
b. Dyspnea
c. Angina
Complications of Valve Disease
- Heart failure
- Infective endocarditis
- Embolic disease
- Dysrhythmias
Diagnostic studies
a. Echocardiogram/TEE – helps diagnose and monitor valvular heart disease progression
b. Chest x-ray – shows heart size, pulmonary circulation, & valve calcification.
c. ECG
d. Heart catheterization