Value of wildlife Flashcards
What are the two types of value?
Instrumental value
Intrinsic value
What is instrumental value?
The value of something as a means to another’s ends
What is intrinsic value?
The value as something as an end in itself
How can something have instrumental value?
Can receive an economic valuation via the market or a shadow price
What is a shadow price?
something used to price something that isn’t traded in the market
What is the travel cost method?
A way of giving something a shadow price based on the money spent to experience it, foregone income, or the number of visitors it attracts
What is hedonic pricing?
Looking at the price of something based on how it compares to other equivalent things, e.g. an ocean front property vs a house not on the ocean
What is contingent valuation?
A way of shadow pricing based on the willingness of people to pay for something
What is an unintended effect of something having intrinsic value?
It creates a black market
What is consumptive use of wildlife?
Removing animals from the wild for subsistence and recreation
What is “harvesting”
reaping what humans have sown
NOT gathering from the wild what nature produced
What are four reasons why animals might be removed from the wild?
Collection for zoos and pet trade
commercial hunting
subsistence hunting
recreational hunting
What is game?
Fallow deer, bison or reindeer
Why is hunting allowed in BC?
long standing recreational and commercial activity feed families protection from predators protect agricultural crops provide recreation
What are the “edible portions” of an animal?
Neck, ribs, four quarters and loins
Why are non-residents allowed to hunt in BC?
long standing tradition
guide clients are one of the highest spending tourists per capita in BC
What is allocation?
process by which the available harvest of a particular wildlife population is divided amongst consumptive users
What is the order of allocation?
Conservation
First Nations
Resident and Guide outfitters
How are First Nations traditional hunting rights affected by Harvest Allocation Policy?
First Nations hunt isn’t affected
Prior to setting allocations between resident and guided hunters calculations done to ensure overharvesting won’t occur, and takes into account naturally occurring mortality and First Nations harvesting
Why is it better to kill a bull than a cow?
Because pregnant cow will produce larger population in future so more sustainable
What age range of yellowstone elk to hunters usually kill?
2-9 years. Adult. High reproductive value
What age ranges of yellowstone elk do wolves kill most?
calves and old (10+). Little reproductive value
What is wildlife tourism?
recreation associated with interacting with wildlife.
Can be consumptive or non-consumptive
What are the four types of non-consumptive wildlife use?
viewing
listening
feeding
catch and release
What are three examples of viewing animals
wildlife safaris
bird watching
wildlife phenomena
What are some costs of viewing and listening to wildlife?
puts humans in proximity to wildlife increased use of the area creates a market for wildlife parks disturbs wildlife habituates wildlife to people exposes hidden prey to predators or predators to prey exposure of wildlife to dogs attacks on humans increased
What are some costs of feeding wildlife?
dependence on humans habituate wildlife (e.g. bears) promote predation attract rats and mice spread disease
What are some costs of catch and release fishing?
stress and pain of being hooked requires proper equipment fish swallowing the hook energy expenditure by fish requires proper handling damage to scales survival rates not well understood
