Valuation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the current version of the RICS Red Book?

A

RICS Valuation - Global Standards
Published December 2024, Effective from 31 January 2025

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What Valuations does the Red Book Cover?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What Valuations fall outside of the Red Book?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What due diligence do you undertake prior to a valuation?

A

Ensure that I have sufficient knowledge & skill to undertake instruction
Complete a conflict of interest check
Clarify scope & purpose of the valuation - including the interest to be valued
Issue ToB & be in receipt of signed term of business
Undertake desktop research such as:
Land Registry search for Title & Plan
Planning Permissions current/previous
Flood Risk
Radon Potential
ESG Matters
Location & Access
Searching online for any other information that maty be relevant to the property

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the sign off procedure for Valuations in your firm?

A

The valuation is reviewed by the valuer and another Registered valuer within the firm.
Then signed by the RICS Registered Valuer who is responsible for the valuation
In the case of junior or recently qualified registered valuer the report is reviewed by an senior registered valuer and signed by both valuer responsible for the valuation & counter signed by a senior RICS registered valuer

This provides the client with the assurance that it meets the highest standards & thus promoting trust in the profession

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is Marriage Value?

A

The value that arises from the combination of 2 or more assets to create a new asset that has a higher value than the sum of the individual assets on their own

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Market Value?

A

Estimated amount for which an asset or liability should exchange on the valuation date between a willing purchaser & a willing seller in an arms length transaction, after proper marketing and where the parties had acted knowledgably, prudently & without compulsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a prudent purchaser?

A

Someone who is motivated but not compelled to buy. The buyer is neither over-eager nor determined to buy at any price

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is Open Market?

A

An unrestricted market with free access by & competition of buyers & sellers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is an assumption?

A

A supposition taken to be true involves facts, conditions or situations affecting the subject of or approach to a valuation which by agreement do not need to be verified by the valuer as part of the valuation process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is hierarchy of evidence?

A

There are a wide range of comparable available to the valuer with some more relevant than the others. With certain comparable evidence taking precedence over another and the valuer should use their professional judge in this matter.

But the hierarchy is:
Direct Comparables
General Market Data
Other sources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is comparable evidence?

A

An item of evidence used during the valuation process as evidence to support the valuation of another similar item.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a special purchaser?

A

Particular buyer whom a particular asset has a special value arising from its ownership that would not be available to other buyers in the market

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is special value?

A

An amount that reflects particular attributes of an asset that are only of value to a special purchaser

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What methods of valuation are you familiar with?

A
  1. Comparable Method
  2. Investment Method
  3. Profits Method
  4. Residual Method
  5. Contractors Method/Depreciated Replacement Cost
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Comparable Method?

A

Process of identifying & analysing comparable evidence to the real estate to be valued.

Ideally more that one transaction - at least 3 but 5+ would be better

Comparables must be:
Very similar or identical
Recent
Arms length transaction
Verifiable
Consistent with local market practice

Used in:
Valuation of market rent & market value of commercial & residential property
Farms & Farmland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the Investment Method?

A

Used where there is an income stream to value - tenanted property
Need to be able to asses Rental Values (Market Rent) and a market based yield with the yield expressed as the annual return on the investment expressed as a percentage of the capital value

Used:
Where there is an income stream to value

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the Profits Method?

A

Introduces the concept of market value versus investment value measures the benefits of ownership to the current or prospective owner and recognising that these may differ from those of a typical market participant

Used for:
Income producing properties typically referred to as specialist properties i.e. Hotels, Golf Courses or Petrol Stations.
Their value will depend on business profitability & trading potential also known as intangible goodwill

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the Residual Method?

A

The development potential of land must be assessed i.e. Highest value use then the value of the finished scheme must be calculated (GDV) (based on Comparables) all development costs are then deducted from GDV inc. developers profit & finance costs.
The output of this is the market value, valuer should be aware that the Market Value calculated can be very sensitive to the inputs used.

Used for:
Valuing land with development potential

20
Q

What is Contractors Method/DRC?

A

Is based on the assumption that the market will pay no more for the existing property than the amount it would to buy an equivalent site plus the cost of constructing an equivalent building.

Known as the method of last resort - should not be used where there are market sales of comparable properties. Can be used to check the valuation against anther method

Steps involved:
Assessing cost to replace land & building with a modern equivalent inc. all associated costs before making appropriate deductions for depreciation & obsolescence

Used for:
Owner occupied/specialised property which is rarely sold on the open market i.e. Oil Refineries or Airports

21
Q

What Reasons/Basis for Valuations are you familiar with?

A

Secured Lending
CGT, IHT & SDLT
Matrimonial Matter - Divorce valuations
Mortgages
Compulsory Purchase - Statutory compensations
Opinion of Value/market appraisal
Financial Reporting

22
Q

What would you prior to a valuation/Desk Based Research?

A
  1. Clarify purpose of the valuation
  2. Establish is request for the valuation is for a written valuation compliant with RICS Global Valuation Standards - Published December 2024 effective 31st Jan 2025
  3. Asses if valuer is suitably qualified, experienced & knowledgeable to under the instruction
  4. Check for CoI inline with RICS Professional Statement.
  5. Check if any 3rd Parties or public will have an interest in the valuation
  6. Check if valuation is one of the 5 accepted purpose which don’t have to comply with the Valuation Professional Standards VPS1-2 RICS Global Valuation Standards publish December 2024 effective 31st January 2025
  7. Check if firm has sufficient PII
  8. Prepare ToB ensuring a signed copy is received & put on the file
  9. Carryout desk top due diligence
  10. Arrange Access
23
Q

What Factors Influence Value & Why?

A

Location
Condition/defects/hazardous materials
Tenure
Subject to tenancies
Ownership - sole, more than one
Designations - NVZ, ANOB, National Park
Occupations Conditions - such as AoC
Flood Risk
RoW
Overages Clauses
Access, topography & land type
Contamination
ESG Factors

24
Q

Why is PII Vital & to what Level?

A

As outlined in the global RICS Rules of Conduct Appendix A: RICS Professional Indemnity Insurance Requirements (UK Version 10 with effect from 1st July 2024)

RICS-regulated firms must ensure that all previous and current professional work is covered by adequate and appropriate professional indemnity cover that meets the standards approved by RICS

Protects ensured Firms/surveyors from financial loss that cannot be met from their own resources

Ensure that a client doesn’t suffer a financial loss which the cannot met from the firm/surveyors own resources

Based on Firms turn over:
£10 million or less - the greater of 2.5% of the sum insured or £10,000

£10 million & 1 + above - No set limit

25
What Stipulations might a secured lending request specifically?
For the a secured lending valuation, lenders have varying types of valuation instruction letters which se equally varied requirements Such as: Reinstatement value of the buildings for insurance purposes. Suitability as security within specific marketing peroid - eg 6 months for a secured lending valuation at East Allington Farm Commentary on the rental value
26
You mention Conflict of Interest checks can you give an example of when you have done this and why?
Instructions were received to provide a red book valuation for divorce proceedings by one of the parties. Adhered to RICS Conflicts of interest Professional Statement (Pub. March 2017 reissued July 2023) I confirmed the clients identity, their interest in the property & any involvement with any other relevant parties. Sent CoI email to all Rendells offices -asking if there was any reason why we should not undertake the valuation instruction - specifying a date for response I prepared the ToB in accordance with VPS 1 stating amongst other things: Purpose of the valuation Basis of value Scope of work Assumptions Valuers qualifications/expertise independence & objectivity Fees & payment Liability & duty of care CHP
27
Site inspection what did you do?
Agreed access I began with ensuring I was aware of my surroundings & any unexpected hazards Inspected the external areas noting access, what the areas were comprised, boundaries, parking etc. Evaluating any unusual factors which may affect value ie. the presence of Japanese Knotweed. Making note of the external elements of the buildings materials, condition etc. I then moved inside the building beginning in entrance hall & working through all ground floor rooms before moving to the first floor. Noting the features in each room and measuring the effective floor area of each room as per RICS Code of Measuring Practice 6th Edn. I noted the services
28
Why did you conduct a site inspection & take notes/photographs?
Critical component of property valuation & it is considered to be good practice Pt 4 VPS 4 Sets out the standards for such inspections To assess the property's condition, identify any potential issues and evaluate local factors which may significantly affect the properties values & which cannot be accurately assessed without the valuer being present. In order to sufficiently describe & explain the valuation & valuers opinion documentation must be maintained throughout the process, photographs/legible notes maintain an audit trail. Photos should be appropriate & used as required
29
What appendices have you collated for valuation reports & why?
I have collated the following: Land Registry Title Register & Plan/s Flood risk information Radon Gas information/plans NVZ Information Any relevant planning applications/history Scale Plans of the property to be valued Site Identification plans (NTS) Photographs Any professional reports pertaining to the property The reason for collating this information for the appendices in a Reb Book Valuation is to support the commentary in the main report providing essential background info, transparency & evidence that justifies the valuation.
30
Can you talk through a comparable valuation you have assisted with? What did you do? How did you ensure compliance?
A valuation of a property subject for divorce proceedings. Established the purpose of the valuation Obtained details of the property - such as address, type, tenure. Verified identity of the client. Undertook CoI Check Established suitable knowledge & skill of valuer - In accordance with RICS Valuation Global Standards Prepared ToB in accordance with VPS1 of RICS Valuation Global Standards and obtained a signed copy for the file I conducted desk top research Arranged access and conducted a site inspection in accordance with Pt. 4 VPS4 I carried out market research to find suitable comparable evidence, evaluated & verified these. Analysing these. Arrived at my valuation figure which was discussed with the supervising registered valuer. The report was reviewed and issued to the client and the clients solicitor.
31
Can you describe Loddiswell Property?
HOWN HOUSE! Large 5 bedroom Victorian Property (Date Stone 1880) 3 stories Set in extensive gardens Accessed via private driveway Various outbuildings inc. Garage with studio above Field Shelter & stable building Open fronted storage building Range of agricultural buildings 33.42 acres of ring fenced permanent pasture & woodland. Date of Death 17th December 2023 OMV - £1,650,000 Agricultural Value £1,155,000 (30% considering antrobus case)
32
Loddiswell Example IHT how did you source comparables?
Being an IHT Valuation the property had to be valued at the Date of Death being 17th December 2023 & not current market value. (s1160 of IHT Act 84) Property was difficult to find comparables for due to varying range of buildings condition etc. I sourced comparables from our own comparable list, and searching other agents websites & auction websites verifying these by speaking to the agents. I sourced comps for land and land and buildings from other agents, auction websites & our own comparable list
33
Why did you make adjustments for the comparables & why?
Adjustments were made for size, location & condition The comparable evidence was not an exact match for the property and therefore adjustments were required to allow for the differences in the various factors which would affect the value.
34
Why did you produce a Market Value & An agricultural Value?
The Market value is provided in accordance with s160 if the IHT Act 1984 - prices the property might reasonably be expected to fetch id sold on the open market at the time - with no restriction By virtue of that same Act s.116 the value attributable to the agricultural value - (assuming it was subject to restriction for ag use only) will benefit from 100% - this property was owner occupied from pre 10th March 1981 Therefore IHT is only payable on the difference between OMV at DoD & the ag value
35
How did you agree the figures with the RV?
I presented my valuation figures explaining my rationale & calculations for arriving at these figures. The RV considered my rationale and calculations reviewing my notes & chosen comparables and was in agreement. The valuation report was sent to aonther senior valuer within the firm for review and then signed by the RV who was idenfied on the ToB
36
East Allington Farm Secured Lending Valuation how did you manage the possible/perceived conflict of interest?
The bank were aware of the conflict of interest as they referenced this in their initial email outlining the instruction It was detailed in the ToB signed by the client. However if they had not been aware I would have ensured informed consent was received from the Bank (our client) - as detailed in the RICS Professional Standard Conflicts of Interest Professional Statement
37
38
How did you calculate the reinstatement costs of the buildings?
I reinstatement costs were calculated using the CAAV Building Cost Schedule
39
How did you take into account the 6 month marketing period stipulation?
40
How did the marketing period timescale affect the valuation?
41
Is a 6 month marketing period typical market conditions today?
42
How did you calculate the rental value what did you do?
43
Ashburton Farm what did you do?
Comparable valuation. The property was jointly owned in equal undivided shares by the deceased and her sister. The deceased was in occupation of the property at the date of death with the sister's principal residence being in Scotland. After collecting, analysing & adjusting the appropriate comparable evidence, the value of the property was ascertained. The total value of the property was then halved to establish the value of the deceased share & then 10% was deducted from this figure for IHT purposes. As provided for by the VAO's Inheritance Tax Manual for a half share without rights of occupation as main residence a half share should be valued by taking the full value of the property and deducting 10% from the deceased share. This reflects the challenges associated with marketability and the potential difficulties in selling a half share especially of the surviving owner is not in occupation
44
Hypothetically what would you advise if you were asked to value a bridge, lighthouse or power station?
I would politely decline the instruction. Be open & honest with the client and tell them that I don't have the requisite knowledge or expertise in this type of specialist property necessary to carryout the valuation. I would refer them to a senior valuer within the firm to discuss the instruction.
45