Valuation Flashcards
What is the current version of the RICS Red Book?
RICS Valuation - Global Standards
Published December 2024, Effective from 31 January 2025
What Valuations does the Red Book Cover?
What Valuations fall outside of the Red Book?
What due diligence do you undertake prior to a valuation?
Ensure that I have sufficient knowledge & skill to undertake instruction
Complete a conflict of interest check
Clarify scope & purpose of the valuation - including the interest to be valued
Issue ToB & be in receipt of signed term of business
Undertake desktop research such as:
Land Registry search for Title & Plan
Planning Permissions current/previous
Flood Risk
Radon Potential
ESG Matters
Location & Access
Searching online for any other information that maty be relevant to the property
What is the sign off procedure for Valuations in your firm?
The valuation is reviewed by the valuer and another Registered valuer within the firm.
Then signed by the RICS Registered Valuer who is responsible for the valuation
In the case of junior or recently qualified registered valuer the report is reviewed by an senior registered valuer and signed by both valuer responsible for the valuation & counter signed by a senior RICS registered valuer
This provides the client with the assurance that it meets the highest standards & thus promoting trust in the profession
What is Marriage Value?
The value that arises from the combination of 2 or more assets to create a new asset that has a higher value than the sum of the individual assets on their own
What is Market Value?
Estimated amount for which an asset or liability should exchange on the valuation date between a willing purchaser & a willing seller in an arms length transaction, after proper marketing and where the parties had acted knowledgably, prudently & without compulsion
What is a prudent purchaser?
Someone who is motivated but not compelled to buy. The buyer is neither over-eager nor determined to buy at any price
What is Open Market?
An unrestricted market with free access by & competition of buyers & sellers
What is an assumption?
A supposition taken to be true involves facts, conditions or situations affecting the subject of or approach to a valuation which by agreement do not need to be verified by the valuer as part of the valuation process
What is hierarchy of evidence?
There are a wide range of comparable available to the valuer with some more relevant than the others. With certain comparable evidence taking precedence over another and the valuer should use their professional judge in this matter.
But the hierarchy is:
Direct Comparables
General Market Data
Other sources
What is comparable evidence?
An item of evidence used during the valuation process as evidence to support the valuation of another similar item.
What is a special purchaser?
Particular buyer whom a particular asset has a special value arising from its ownership that would not be available to other buyers in the market
What is special value?
An amount that reflects particular attributes of an asset that are only of value to a special purchaser
What methods of valuation are you familiar with?
- Comparable Method
- Investment Method
- Profits Method
- Residual Method
- Contractors Method/Depreciated Replacement Cost
What is Comparable Method?
Process of identifying & analysing comparable evidence to the real estate to be valued.
Ideally more that one transaction - at least 3 but 5+ would be better
Comparables must be:
Very similar or identical
Recent
Arms length transaction
Verifiable
Consistent with local market practice
Used in:
Valuation of market rent & market value of commercial & residential property
Farms & Farmland
What is the Investment Method?
Used where there is an income stream to value - tenanted property
Need to be able to asses Rental Values (Market Rent) and a market based yield with the yield expressed as the annual return on the investment expressed as a percentage of the capital value
Used:
Where there is an income stream to value
What is the Profits Method?
Introduces the concept of market value versus investment value measures the benefits of ownership to the current or prospective owner and recognising that these may differ from those of a typical market participant
Used for:
Income producing properties typically referred to as specialist properties i.e. Hotels, Golf Courses or Petrol Stations.
Their value will depend on business profitability & trading potential also known as intangible goodwill
What is the Residual Method?
The development potential of land must be assessed i.e. Highest value use then the value of the finished scheme must be calculated (GDV) (based on Comparables) all development costs are then deducted from GDV inc. developers profit & finance costs.
The output of this is the market value, valuer should be aware that the Market Value calculated can be very sensitive to the inputs used.
Used for:
Valuing land with development potential
What is Contractors Method/DRC?
Is based on the assumption that the market will pay no more for the existing property than the amount it would to buy an equivalent site plus the cost of constructing an equivalent building.
Known as the method of last resort - should not be used where there are market sales of comparable properties. Can be used to check the valuation against anther method
Steps involved:
Assessing cost to replace land & building with a modern equivalent inc. all associated costs before making appropriate deductions for depreciation & obsolescence
Used for:
Owner occupied/specialised property which is rarely sold on the open market i.e. Oil Refineries or Airports
What Reasons/Basis for Valuations are you familiar with?
Secured Lending
CGT, IHT & SDLT
Matrimonial Matter - Divorce valuations
Mortgages
Compulsory Purchase - Statutory compensations
Opinion of Value/market appraisal
Financial Reporting
What would you prior to a valuation/Desk Based Research?
- Clarify purpose of the valuation
- Establish is request for the valuation is for a written valuation compliant with RICS Global Valuation Standards - Published December 2024 effective 31st Jan 2025
- Asses if valuer is suitably qualified, experienced & knowledgeable to under the instruction
- Check for CoI inline with RICS Professional Statement.
- Check if any 3rd Parties or public will have an interest in the valuation
- Check if valuation is one of the 5 accepted purpose which don’t have to comply with the Valuation Professional Standards VPS1-2 RICS Global Valuation Standards publish December 2024 effective 31st January 2025
- Check if firm has sufficient PII
- Prepare ToB ensuring a signed copy is received & put on the file
- Carryout desk top due diligence
- Arrange Access
What Factors Influence Value & Why?
Location
Condition/defects/hazardous materials
Tenure
Subject to tenancies
Ownership - sole, more than one
Designations - NVZ, ANOB, National Park
Occupations Conditions - such as AoC
Flood Risk
RoW
Overages Clauses
Access, topography & land type
Contamination
ESG Factors
Why is PII Vital & to what Level?
As outlined in the global RICS Rules of Conduct Appendix A: RICS Professional Indemnity Insurance Requirements (UK Version 10 with effect from 1st July 2024)
RICS-regulated firms must ensure that all previous and current professional work is covered by adequate and appropriate professional indemnity cover that meets the standards approved by RICS
Protects ensured Firms/surveyors from financial loss that cannot be met from their own resources
Ensure that a client doesn’t suffer a financial loss which the cannot met from the firm/surveyors own resources
Based on Firms turn over:
£10 million or less - the greater of 2.5% of the sum insured or £10,000
£10 million & 1 + above - No set limit