validity

Question 1

define validity

Answer 1

The extent to which a test or result is genuine or legitimate.

Question 2

define internal validity

Answer 2

The extent to which a test measures what it claims to or intended to measure.

Question 3

define external validity

Answer 3

The extent to which a finding genuinely applies outside of the research context.

Question 4

define ecological validity

Answer 4

The extent to which a finding applies to other settings or environments.

Question 5

define temporal validity

Answer 5

The extent to which a finding applies to other time periods.

Question 6

what is the two ways of assessing validity ?

Answer 6

• face validity
• concurrent validity

Question 7

define face validity

Answer 7

The extent to which it looks as if something measures what it claims to measure.

• It can be eyeballed or you can ask an expert or group of people to say what they think it measures
  Does it look like what it is meant to do

Question 8

define concurrent validity

Answer 8

The extent to which a new test / tool agrees with an already established one. We would correlate the two sets of scores - looking for +0.8 score

Question 9

how can experiments be increased to ensure validity?

Answer 9

• Using a control group - researcher is better able to access changed DV from IV
• Standardised procedure - minimise bias / demand characteristics
• Single / double blinding - reduce participant / researcher effects

Question 10

how can questionnaires be improved to ensure validity?

Answer 10

• Incorporate a lie scale → access consistency of a respondents response / to control effects of social desirability bias
• Validity - further enhanced by assuring respondents that all data submitted will remain anonymous

Question 11

how can observations be improved to ensure validity?

Answer 11

• Produce findings with ^ ecological validity - minimal researcher intervention (covert)
• Behavioural categories being broad may - reduce validity