Validity

Question 1

Validity

Answer 1

Accuracy and whether observer effect is genuine

Question 2

Internal validity

Answer 2

Are we measuring what we are set out to measure

Question 3

External validity

Answer 3

Could be accurately generalise

Question 4

Population validity

Answer 4

Is our sample representative

Question 5

Ecological validity

Answer 5

Can findings be generalised to other settings and situations

Question 6

Validity over time

Answer 6

Temporal validity are findings generalisable to other points in time

Question 7

Confounding variables

Answer 7

Affect DV, affects everyone in the same way

Question 8

Extraneous variables

Answer 8

Nuisance variables and random error

Question 9

Participant reactivity

Answer 9

Ps are not passive in research process

Question 10

Hawthorne effect

Answer 10

The added attention of being in a study affects ps behaviour eg they may be shy or show off

Question 11

Demand characteristics

Answer 11

Cues from situation help p work our the aim of the study leading them to change their behaviour

Question 12

Social desireability

Answer 12

Ps try to look good by answering/ behaving in a socially acceptable way

Question 13

Experimenter effects

Answer 13

Effects reuniting from investigators conscious or unconscious actions

Question 14

Green spoon effect

Answer 14

When the interviewer makes affirmative noises eg mmmmmm making the p think their answer will be good

Question 15

Experimenter bias

Answer 15

Experimenter influences rhe results eg body language or tone of voice

Question 16

Ways to improve validity

Answer 16

Randomisation, standardisation, counterbalancing, single blind, double blind

Question 17

Randomisation

Answer 17

Reduces the researcher influence eg randomly assigning ps to conditions

Question 18

Standardisation

Answer 18

App ps experience the same process with only difference being manipulation of IV

Question 19

counter balancing

Answer 19

Reduces order effects but doesn’t get rid of them

Question 20

Single blind

Answer 20

Deception is used to mislead ps so they don’t know the aims of the study

Question 21

Double blind

Answer 21

Neither researcher of ps know the true aims of the study

Question 22

Face validity

Answer 22

Subjective assessment, does a test appear to measure the behaviour it claims to

Question 23

Content validity

Answer 23

Experts assess whether the test is measuring what it set out to due and statistics compare their assessments

Question 24

Concurrent validity

Answer 24

Comparison between 2 tests of the same behaviour, if the results form the old and new tests signifacantly correlate 0.8+, the new test is valid

Question 25

Predictive validity

Answer 25

How well a test predicts future depression