VAGUS NERVE (X)-THE LARYNX Flashcards
The larynx extends from the … to the …
SUPERIOR MARGIN OF THE EPIGLOTTIS, C6 (CRICOID CARTILAGE)
The origin of the laryngeal inlet/orifice and the laryngeal mucosa is the…
RESPIRATORY DIVERTICULUM
The … is an evagination of the endoderm of the GI tract
MUCOSA OF THE LARYNX
CNCCs of pharyngeal arches 4 and 6 will give rise to the … of the larynx
CARTILAGE
Somitomeres in arches 4 and 6 will give rise to the … which will move the larynx
SKELETAL MUSCLE
(As the vagus nerve is related to this musculature, it innervates it).
LARYNGEAL INLET
- Epiglottis
2.Hyoid bone - Thyrohyoid membrane
- Thyroid cartilage
- Cricoid cartilage
What form the Adam’s Apple (la nuez)?
The laryngeal prominence
The epiglottis is derived from the … PA
4th
Name the following cartilages of the larynx
The arytenoid cartilages are derived from the … PA
6th
The arytenoid cartilages have … for the vocal ligaments to attach and … for the vocal is muscle to attach
VOCAL PROCESSES, MUSCULAR PROCESSES
Name the extrinsic ligaments of the larynx
Name the intrinsic ligaments of the larynx
The… attaches to the vestibular fossa and forms the FALSE VOCAL CORDS
The … form the TRUE VOCAL CORDS
Vestibular ligaments
Vocal ligaments
Ligaments lined by mucosa are known as…
FOLDS
Which two joints do we find in the larynx?
- CRICOTHYROID JOINT (synovial joint-arthrodia): the thyroid cartilage is moved forward and the vocal ligament stretches.
- CRYCOARYTENOID JOINT (synovial joint-modified trochoid joint which rotates): arytenoid cartilages rotate and the space between the two vocal ligaments (RIMA GLOTTIDIS) opens and closes.
Name the muscle and its function
CRYCOTHIROID MUSCLE: it moves the thyroid over the cricoid cartilage (it increases the tension of the vocal cords=higher pitch)
Name the muscles and their functions
- Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle: opens (abducts) the rima glottidis
- Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle: closes (adducts) rima glottidis
- Transverse arytenoid muscle: closes rima glottidis
- Thyroarytenoid muscle: relaxes the vocal cords
- Vocalists muscle: relaxes the vocal cords
Which muscles modify the diameters of the laryngeal inlet and vestibule?
Oblique arytenoid (1), aryepiglottic (2) and thyroepiglottic (3)
Extrinsic muscles larynx
In deglutition, the … moves posteriorly and inferiorly, sealing the entry; the … will close and cover the vocal folds.
EPIGLOTTIS, VESTIBULAR FOLDS
The vagus nerve exits through the … along with the CN IX and XI.
JUGULAR FORAMEN
The vagus nerve gives off the … which is mainly sensitive and has 2 branches:
- … which gathers sensory information about the mucosa of the laryngeal vestibule.
- …. which is a motor branch that only innervates the CRICOTHYROID MUSCLE.
SUPERIOR LARYNGEAL NERVE
- INTERNAL LARYNGEAL NERVE
- EXTERNAL LARYNGEAL NERVE
When the … is sectioned during surgery, there is paralysis of the vocal cords and disphonia.
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
The …. carries … that innervate the rest of all the laryngeal muscles and also carries….for the infraglottic space.
RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE, MOTOR FIBERS, SENSORY FIBERS.
If a person gets something stuck in the mucosa of the pharynx and it is in the … the surgeon needs to be careful and remember that behind there is the…
PIRIFORM RECESS, LARYNGEAL NERVE
Vascularization of the larynx
- Superior laryngeal artery
- Inferior laryngeal artery
The … pierces the thyrohyoid membrane along with the internal laryngeal nerve.
SUPERIOR LARYNGEAL ARTERY
- Cricothyrotomy
- Tracheostomy
The larynx is a fibromembranous tube within a cartilaginous frame connected with the naso- and oropharynx. It has an sphincter that closes the airway for phonation, the vocal cords. Opening and closing depends on the …
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
An emergency airway can be opened when a laryngeal obstruction occurs through the cricothyroid ligament, or through the tracheal ligaments between tracheal rings ….
1 to 4
The muscle that contributes the most to the position of the vocal cords during breathing is …
posterior cricoarytenoid m
The larynx extends approximately from the vertebral level C3 to C6 (T/F)
True
The vocal ligaments are thickenings of the free margin of the …
cricothyroid or cricovocal membrane
The infrahyoid muscles derive from the 4th & 6th pharyngeal arches and are innervated by the ansa cervicalis (T/F)
False
The vestibular folds are the true vocal cords (T/F)
False
Indicate the INCORRECT statement regarding the superior laryngeal pedicle (artery, vein and nerve):
- it provides sensory innervation to the laryngeal vestibule
- The artery is a branch of the inferior thyroid artery
- all elements pass through a foramen in the thyrohyoid membrane towards the larynx
- it courses deep to the mucosa of the pirifo
The artery is a branch of the inferior thyroid artery
The structure located between A and B is the
Identify each of the structures labeled in the image below:
A. Laryngeal vestibule
B. Vestibular fold
C. Vocal fold
D. Epiglottis
E. Thyroid cartilage
F. Cricoid cartilage
The external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve innervates the … muscle
cricothyroid
Which nerve is responsible for opening and closing the rima glottidis?
recurrent laryngeal n
Which of the following muscles does not act modifying the diameters of the laryngeal vestibule?
lateral cricoarytenoid
Identify the area pointed at by the arrows
laryngopharynx
