GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE (IX)-THE PHARYNX

Question 1

Somatic efferent in GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE go to

Answer 1

Stylopharyngeus muscle

Question 2

Somatic afferents in Glossopharyngeal Nerve go from

Answer 2

Mucosa of posterior 1/3 of the tongue and oropharynx (tonsillar fossa).

Question 3

Visceral efferents in Glossopharyngeal nerve go to

Answer 3

Parotid gland

Question 4

Visceral afferents in Glossopharyngeal nerve go from

Answer 4

Carotid body and sinus (baroreceptors)

Question 5

Special visceral afferents in Glossopharyngeal nerve go from

Answer 5

Posterior 1/3 of the tongue (taste)

From the vallate papillae of the root of the tongue - to the CNS

Question 6

The pharynx extends from the …. to the inferior border of the … vertebra

Answer 6

Base of the cranium, C6

Question 7

The …. lines the inner side of the pharynx, located in between muscles and mucosa.

Answer 7

Pharyngobasilar membrane

Question 8

The pharyngobasilar membrane attaches to the … (basilar portion of the occipital bone and the sphenoid).

Answer 8

CLIVUS

Question 9

The… extends from the CLIVUS to the inferior aspect of the SOFT PALATE.

Answer 9

NASOPHARYNX

Question 10

The … extends from the SOFT PALATE to the EPIGLOTTIS

Answer 10

Oropharynx

Question 11

The …. extends from the EPIGLOTTIS to the CRICOID CARTILAGE (C6)

Answer 11

Laryngopharynx

Question 12

Constrictor muscles of the pharynx are … as they have … fibers. They all insert in the …

Answer 12

CIRCULAR, HORIZONTAL, PHARYNGEAL RAPHE

Question 13

Functional sphincter in the inferior part of the pharynx:

Answer 13

UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER

Question 14

Critical space during infection which connects with the mediastinum.

Answer 14

RETROPHARYNGEAL SPACE

Question 15

Name these longitudinal muscles of the pharynx and their function:

Answer 15

1. Salpingopharyngeus
2. Palatopharyngeus
3. Stylopharyngeus

They elevate the pharynx

Question 16

Main function of the soft palate

Answer 16

It has the function of closing off the nasopharynx while food is passing into the oropharynx. The muscles which pull the soft palate take insertion into the nasopharynx area.

Question 17

Tensor velli palatini inserts into the …

Answer 17

PALATINE APONEUROSIS

Question 18

Name three muscles which take insertion into the tendinous portion of the tensor velli palatini.

Answer 18

Levator velli palatini, musculus uvulae, palatopharyngeus muscle.

Question 19

Name these muscles of the soft palate

Answer 19

1. Levator veli palatini
2. Musculus uvulae
3. Tensor veli palatini

Question 20

The … pharyngeal arch gives rise to the… muscle, which will be innervated by the… cranial nerve

Answer 20

3rd, stylopharyngeus, IX

Question 21

The …. PAs also give rise to… muscles which will be innervated by the… cranial nerve

Answer 21

4th and 6th, pharyngeal, X

Question 22

Answer 22

BUCOPHARYNGEAL FASCIA

Question 23

Narrow entrance of the oropharynx

Answer 23

OROPHARYNGEAL ISTHMUS

Question 24

Superior constrictor muscle originates in the ….

Answer 24

Pterygomandibular raphe

Question 25

All pharyngeal muscles (constrictors, longitudinal and soft palate muscles) are innervated by the … EXCEPT FOR: 1. Stylopharyngeus muscle, innervated by the … CN 2. Tensor veli palatini, innervated by the … CN

Answer 25

Pharyngeal plexus (X CRANIAL NERVE) 1. IX CN 2. V (Trigeminal) CN (V3-Mandibular)

Question 26

Answer 26

1. Pharyngeal branch of the maxillary artery 2. Ascending pharyngeal artery 3. Ascending palatine artery 4. Tonsillar branch

Question 27

Clinical sign of a peripheral lesion to the X nerve

Answer 27

Absent GAG REFLEX: somatic afferents from the oropharynx (IX CN) form the afferent limb of the reflex, somatic efferents from the VAGUS form the efferent limb of the reflex. When pharyngeal branches of vagus nerve are injured, the uvula deviate towards de non-lesioned side.

Question 28

When surgeons are removing tonsils, they have to be careful with the…

Answer 28

Tonsillar vessels (a lot of blood can be lost)

Question 29

Cell bodies of afferent fibers of the IX CN are located in…

Answer 29

Superior and inferior ganglia

Question 30

During normal deglutition, when the inferior constrictor m undergoes contraction, the cricopharyngeal muscle …. to enable the passage of the bolus towards the esophagus

Answer 30

relaxes (opens)

Question 31

In cricopharyngeal incoordination, the upper esophageal sphincter (cricopharyngeal muscle) remains closed, or it opens in an uncoordinated way leading to extra pressure on the pharyngeal wall, which may produce a herniation of the mucosa through the space between the inferior constrictor and the cricopharyngeal muscle:

Answer 31

Zenker’s diverticulum

Question 32

The muscle that tenses the soft palate prior closure of the nasopharynx is innervated by the motor branch of the trigeminal nerve (T/F)

Answer 32

True

Question 33

The geniohyoid muscles help the movements of the tongue in propelling the bolus towards the pharynx. Who innervates the geniohyoid muscles?

Answer 33

fibers of C1 conveyed with the hypoglossal nerve

Question 34

The afferent limb of the gag reflex are:

Question 35

The striate muscles of the pharynx act sequentially but independently during deglutition, so that swallowing can be inhibited or stopped at any point (T/F)

Answer 35

False

Question 36

What muscles narrow the oropharyngeal isthmus, preventing the return of the bolus to the oral cavity during deglutition?

Question 37

Deglutory muscles are innervated majorly by the glossopharyngeal nerve,except one muscle that is innervated by the vagus nerve via the pharyngeal plexus (T/F)

Answer 37

False

Question 38

Indicate the FALSE statement: during deglutition ... - the epiglottic cartilage bends over and closes the laryngeal inlet - the soft palate elevates and closes the nasopharynx - the larynx is pulled upwards - the rima glottidis opens - the oropharyngeal isthmus narrows

Answer 38

the rima glottidis opens

Question 39

The muscle that is regarded as the upper esophageal sphincter is

Answer 39

cricopharyngeus

Question 40

The glossopharyngeal nerve reaches the oropharyngeal mucosa passing through the gap between the middle and inferior constrictor muscles (T/F)

Answer 40

False

Question 41

The pharyngeal muscles derive from the 3rd, 4th and 6th pharyngeal arches (T/F)

Answer 41

True

Question 42

Indicate the INCORRECT identification: 1- buccinator 3- palatoglossus 4- palatopharyngeus 5- m uvulae 2- middle constrictor

Answer 42

2- middle constrictor

Question 43

The lack of coordination in the complex motor sequence that enables deglutition, may lead to herniation of the pharyngeal mucosa between:

Answer 43

the inferior constrictor and the cricopharyngeus m