GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE (IX)-THE PHARYNX Flashcards
Somatic efferent in GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE go to
Stylopharyngeus muscle
Somatic afferents in Glossopharyngeal Nerve go from
Mucosa of posterior 1/3 of the tongue and oropharynx (tonsillar fossa).
Visceral efferents in Glossopharyngeal nerve go to
Parotid gland
Visceral afferents in Glossopharyngeal nerve go from
Carotid body and sinus (baroreceptors)
Special visceral afferents in Glossopharyngeal nerve go from
Posterior 1/3 of the tongue (taste)
From the vallate papillae of the root of the tongue - to the CNS
The pharynx extends from the …. to the inferior border of the … vertebra
Base of the cranium, C6
The …. lines the inner side of the pharynx, located in between muscles and mucosa.
Pharyngobasilar membrane
The pharyngobasilar membrane attaches to the … (basilar portion of the occipital bone and the sphenoid).
CLIVUS
The… extends from the CLIVUS to the inferior aspect of the SOFT PALATE.
NASOPHARYNX
The … extends from the SOFT PALATE to the EPIGLOTTIS
Oropharynx
The …. extends from the EPIGLOTTIS to the CRICOID CARTILAGE (C6)
Laryngopharynx
Constrictor muscles of the pharynx are … as they have … fibers. They all insert in the …
CIRCULAR, HORIZONTAL, PHARYNGEAL RAPHE
Functional sphincter in the inferior part of the pharynx:
UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER
Critical space during infection which connects with the mediastinum.
RETROPHARYNGEAL SPACE
Name these longitudinal muscles of the pharynx and their function:
- Salpingopharyngeus
- Palatopharyngeus
- Stylopharyngeus
They elevate the pharynx
Main function of the soft palate
It has the function of closing off the nasopharynx while food is passing into the oropharynx. The muscles which pull the soft palate take insertion into the nasopharynx area.
Tensor velli palatini inserts into the …
PALATINE APONEUROSIS
Name three muscles which take insertion into the tendinous portion of the tensor velli palatini.
Levator velli palatini, musculus uvulae, palatopharyngeus muscle.
Name these muscles of the soft palate
- Levator veli palatini
- Musculus uvulae
- Tensor veli palatini
The … pharyngeal arch gives rise to the… muscle, which will be innervated by the… cranial nerve
3rd, stylopharyngeus, IX
The …. PAs also give rise to… muscles which will be innervated by the… cranial nerve
4th and 6th, pharyngeal, X
BUCOPHARYNGEAL FASCIA
Narrow entrance of the oropharynx
OROPHARYNGEAL ISTHMUS
Superior constrictor muscle originates in the ….
Pterygomandibular raphe
All pharyngeal muscles (constrictors, longitudinal and soft palate muscles) are innervated by the … EXCEPT FOR:
1. Stylopharyngeus muscle, innervated by the … CN
2. Tensor veli palatini, innervated by the … CN
Pharyngeal plexus (X CRANIAL NERVE)
1. IX CN
2. V (Trigeminal) CN (V3-Mandibular)
- Pharyngeal branch of the maxillary artery
- Ascending pharyngeal artery
- Ascending palatine artery
- Tonsillar branch
Clinical sign of a peripheral lesion to the X nerve
Absent GAG REFLEX: somatic afferents from the oropharynx (IX CN) form the afferent limb of the reflex, somatic efferents from the VAGUS form the efferent limb of the reflex. When pharyngeal branches of vagus nerve are injured, the uvula deviate towards de non-lesioned side.
When surgeons are removing tonsils, they have to be careful with the…
Tonsillar vessels (a lot of blood can be lost)
Cell bodies of afferent fibers of the IX CN are located in…
Superior and inferior ganglia
During normal deglutition, when the inferior constrictor m undergoes contraction, the cricopharyngeal muscle …. to enable the passage of the bolus towards the esophagus
relaxes (opens)
In cricopharyngeal incoordination, the upper esophageal sphincter (cricopharyngeal muscle) remains closed, or it opens in an uncoordinated way leading to extra pressure on the pharyngeal wall, which may produce a herniation of the mucosa through the space between the inferior constrictor and the cricopharyngeal muscle:
Zenker’s diverticulum
The muscle that tenses the soft palate prior closure of the nasopharynx is innervated by the motor branch of the trigeminal nerve (T/F)
True
The geniohyoid muscles help the movements of the tongue in propelling the bolus towards the pharynx. Who innervates the geniohyoid muscles?
fibers of C1 conveyed with the hypoglossal nerve
The afferent limb of the gag reflex are:
The striate muscles of the pharynx act sequentially but independently during deglutition, so that swallowing can be inhibited or stopped at any point (T/F)
False
What muscles narrow the oropharyngeal isthmus, preventing the return of the bolus to the oral cavity during deglutition?
Deglutory muscles are innervated majorly by the glossopharyngeal nerve,except one muscle that is innervated by the vagus nerve via the pharyngeal plexus (T/F)
False
Indicate the FALSE statement: during deglutition …
- the epiglottic cartilage bends over and closes the laryngeal inlet
- the soft palate elevates and closes the nasopharynx
- the larynx is pulled upwards
- the rima glottidis opens
- the oropharyngeal isthmus narrows
the rima glottidis opens
The muscle that is regarded as the upper esophageal sphincter is
cricopharyngeus
The glossopharyngeal nerve reaches the oropharyngeal mucosa passing through the gap between the middle and inferior constrictor muscles (T/F)
False
The pharyngeal muscles derive from the 3rd, 4th and 6th pharyngeal arches (T/F)
True
Indicate the INCORRECT identification:
1- buccinator
3- palatoglossus
4- palatopharyngeus
5- m uvulae
2- middle constrictor
2- middle constrictor
The lack of coordination in the complex motor sequence that enables deglutition, may lead to herniation of the pharyngeal mucosa between:
the inferior constrictor and the cricopharyngeus m
