VAD and Blood Transfusions Flashcards
Blood Transfusion Components
Whole blood (450 mL)
Packed RBCs (300-350 mL)
Platelets (50-70 mL)
FFP (200-250 mL)
Cryoprecipitate (20 mL)
Albumin
Dextran
Packed RBCs
Last 42 days, spin off the plasma
Platelets
Last 5 days, taken from different people and put together
Treats hypovolemic shock, issues with clotting factors
FFP
Can last up to a year
Cryoprecipitate
Corrects fibrinogen deficiencies
Albumin
Does not have to go through a filter
Increases blood volume in the vascular system, different volumes
Dextran
Reduces blood viscosity
Used to prevent clotting
Blood Types
Type A
Type B
Type AB (universal recipient)
Type O (universal donor)
Nursing Care during a Blood Transfusion
Baseline vital signs, get the permit signs
Licensed person collects from lab and checks information
RN and one other RN check before the transfusion and visually check the blood
Blood tubing, 18 gauge needle, 0.9 NS
50 mL/hour for the first 15 minutes, start within 30 minutes of taking blood from the lab
Given over < 4 hours
Transfusion Complications
Circulatory overload, febrile reaction, allergic reaction, hemolytic reaction
Circulatory Overload
Difficulty breathing, cyanosis, pink frothy sputum, distended neck veins, full bounding pulses
Stop transfusion, call the doctor
Febrile Reaction
See temperature elevation, most common transfusion complication
Stop transfusion, start a normal saline line, call the doctor, take more vital signs
Allergic Reaction
Starts within 30 minutes
Laryngeal edema, hives
Stop the transfusion, call the doctor, start a saline line, take vital signs, give an antihistamine
Hemolytic Reaction
Blood is incompatible, most dangerous complication
Occurs within 10 minutes
Burning along the vein, itching, fever, chills, nausea, chest pain, red urine, vascular collapse
Stop the infusion, call the doctor, monitor vital signs, give oxygen
