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Adult Health Nursing I > Respiratory Definitions > Flashcards

Respiratory Definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

Apnea

A

A temporary cessation of breathing

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2
Q

Bronchophony

A

Abnormal increase in clarity of transmitted voice sounds heard when auscultating the lungs

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3
Q

Bronchoscopy

A

Direct examination of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi using an endoscope

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4
Q

Compliance

A

Measure of the force required to expand or inflate the lungs

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5
Q

Crackles

A

Soft, high-pitched, discontinuous popping sounds during inspiration caused by delayed reopening of the airways

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6
Q

Dyspnea

A

Subjective experience that describes difficulty breathing or shortness of breath

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7
Q

Egophony

A

Abnormal changes in tone of voice that is heard when auscultating the lungs

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8
Q

Fremitus

A

Vibrations of speech felt as tremors of the chest wall felt during palpation

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9
Q

Hemoptysis

A

Expectoration of blood from the respiratory tract

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10
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Decrease in arterial oxygen tension in the blood

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11
Q

Hypoxia

A

Decrease in oxygen supply to the tissues and cells

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12
Q

Obstructive Sleep Apnea

A

Temporary absence of breathing during sleep secondary to transient upper airway obstruction

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13
Q

Orthopnea

A

Inability to breathe easily except in an upright position

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14
Q

Oxygen Saturation

A

Percentage of hemoglobin that is bound to oxygen

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15
Q

Physiologic Dead Space

A

Portion of the tracheobronchial tree that does not participate in gas exchange

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16
Q

Pulmonary Diffusion

A

Exchange of gas molecules (oxygen and carbon dioxide) from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration

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17
Q

Pulmonary Perfusion

A

Blood flow through the pulmonary vasculature

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18
Q

Respiration

A

Gas exchange between atmospheric air and the blood and between the blood and cells of the body

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19
Q

Rhonchi

A

Low-pitched wheezing or snoring sound associated with partial airway obstruction, heard on chest auscultation

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20
Q

Stridor

A

Harsh, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration, usually without the need of a stethoscope, secondary to upper airway obstruction

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21
Q

Tidal Volume

A

Volume of air inspired and expired with each breath during normal breathing

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22
Q

Ventilation

A

Movement of air in and out of the airways

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23
Q

Wheezes

A

Continuous musical sounds associated with airway narrowing or partial obstruction

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24
Q

Whispered Pectoriloquy

A

Whispered sounds heard loudly and clearly upon thoracic auscultation

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25
Q

Airway Pressure Release Ventilation

A

Mode of mechanical ventilation that allows unrestricted, spontaneous breaths throughout the ventilatory cycle

On inspiration the patient receives a preset level of continuous positive airway pressure, and the pressure is periodically released to aid in expiration

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26
Q

Assist-Control (A/C) Ventilation

A

Mode of mechanical ventilation in which the patient’s breathing pattern may trigger the ventilator to deliver a preset tidal volume

In the absence of spontaneous breathing, the machine delivers a controlled breath at a preset minimum rate and tidal volume

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27
Q

Chest Drainage System

A

The use of a chest tube and closed drainage system to re-expand the lung and remove excess air, fluid, and blood

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28
Q

Chest Percussion

A

Manually cupping hands over the chest wall and using vibration to mobilize secretions by mechanically dislodging viscous or adherent secretions in the lungs

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29
Q

Chest Physiotherapy (CPT)

A

Therapy used to remove bronchial secretions, improve ventilation, and increase the efficiency of the respiratory muscles

Types include postural drainage, chest percussion, and vibration

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30
Q

Continuous Mandatory Ventilation (CMV)

A

Mode of mechanical ventilation in which the ventilator completely controls the patient’s ventilation according to preset tidal volumes and respiratory rate

Because of problems with synchrony, it is rarely used except in paralyzed or anesthetized patients

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31
Q

Continous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)

A

Positive pressure applied throughout the respiratory cycle to a spontaneously breathing patient to promote alveolar and airway stability

May be administered with endotracheal or tracheostomy tube or by mask

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32
Q

Endotracheal Intubation

A

Insertion of a breathing tube through the nose or mouth into the trachea

33
Q

Fraction of Inspired Oxygen (FiO2)

A

Concentration of oxygen delivered (1.0 = 100% oxygen)

34
Q

Incentive Spirometry

A

Method of deep breathing that provides visual feedback to help the patient inhale deeply and slowly to achieve maximum lung inflation

35
Q

Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (IMV)

A

Mode of mechanical ventilation that provides a combination of mechanically assisted breaths and spontaneous breaths

36
Q

Mechanical Ventilator

A

A positive or negative pressure breathing device that supports ventilation and oxygenation

37
Q

Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP)

A

Positive pressure maintained by the ventilator at the end of exhalation (instead of a normal zero pressure) to increase functional residual capacity and open collapsed alveoli

Improves oxygenation with lower fraction of inspired oxygen

38
Q

Postural Drainage

A

Positioning the patient to allow drainage from all lobes of the lungs and airways

39
Q

Pressure Support Ventilation (PSV)

A

Mode of mechanical ventilation in which preset positive pressure is delivered with spontaneous breaths to decrease work of breathing

40
Q

Proportional Assist Ventilation (PAV)

A

Mode of mechanical ventilation that provides partial ventilatory support in proportion to the patient’s inspiratory effects

Decreases the work of breathing

41
Q

Respiratory Weaning

A

Process of gradual, systematic withdrawal or removal of ventilator, breathing tube, and oxygen

42
Q

Alaryngeal Communication

A

Alternative modes of speaking that do not involve the normal larynx

Used by patients whose larynx has been surgically removed

43
Q

Aphonia

A

Impaired ability to use one’s voice due to disease or injury to the larynx

44
Q

Nuchal Rigidity

A

Stiffness of the neck or inability to bend the neck

45
Q

Rhinitis Medicamentosa

A

Rebound nasal congestion commonly associated with overuse of OTC nasal decongestants

46
Q

Rhinorrhea

A

Drainage of a large amount of fluid from the nose

47
Q

Rhinosinusitis

A

Inflammation of the nares and paranasal sinuses, including frontal, ethmoid, maxillary, and sphenoid sinuses

48
Q

Xerostomia

A

Dryness of the mouth

49
Q

Acute Lung Injury

A

Umbrella term for hypoxemic respiratory failure

Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a severe form of acute lung injury

50
Q

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

A

Nonspecific pulmonary response to a variety of pulmonary and nonpulmonary insults to the lung

Characterized by interstitial infiltrates, alveolar hemorrhage, atelectasis, decreased compliance, and refractory hypoxemia

51
Q

Asbestosis

A

Diffuse lung fibrosis resulting from exposure to asbestos fibers

52
Q

Atelectasis

A

Collapse or airless condition of the alveoli caused by hypoventilation, obstruction to the airways, or compression

53
Q

Central Cyanosis

A

Bluish discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes due to hemoglobin carrying reduced amounts of oxygen

54
Q

Consolidation

A

Lung tissue that has become more solid in nature due to collapse of alveoli or infectious process (pneumonia)

55
Q

Cor Pulmonale

A

Enlargement of the right ventricle from hypertrophy or dilation or as a secondary response to disorders that affect the lungs

56
Q

Empyema

A

Accumulation of purulent material in the pleural space

57
Q

Fine-Needle Aspiration

A

Insertion of a needle through the chest wall to obtain cells of a mass or tumor

Usually performed under fluoroscopy or chest computed tomography guidance

58
Q

Hemoptysis

A

The coughing up of blood from the lower respiratory tract

59
Q

Hemothorax

A

Partial or complete collapse of the lung due to blood accumulating in the pleural space

May occur after surgery or trauma

60
Q

Induration

A

An abnormally hard lesion or reaction, as in a positive tuberculin skin test

61
Q

Open Lung Biopsy

A

Biopsy of lung tissue performed through a limited thoracotomy incision

62
Q

Pleural Effusion

A

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space

63
Q

Pleural Friction Rub

A

Localized grating or creaking sound caused by the rubbing together of inflamed parietal and visceral pleurae

64
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Partial or complete collapse of the lung due to positive pressure in the pleural space

65
Q

Pulmonary Edema

A

Increase in the amount of extravascular fluid in the lung

66
Q

Pulmonary Embolism

A

Obstruction of the pulmonary vasculature with an embolus

Embolus may be due to blood clot, air bubbles, or fat droplets

67
Q

Restrictive Lung Disease

A

Disease of the lung that causes a decrease in lung volumes

68
Q

Tension Pneumothorax

A

Pneumothorax characterized by increasing positive pressure in the pleural space with each breath

This is an emergency situation and the positive pressure needs to be decompressed or released immediately

69
Q

Air Trapping

A

Incomplete emptying of alveoli during expiration due to loss of lung tissue elasticity (emphysema), bronchospasm (asthma), or airway obstruction

70
Q

Alpha1-Antitrypsin Deficiency

A

Genetic disorder resulting from deficiency of alpha1-antitrypsin, a protective agent for the lung

Increases a patient’s risk for developing panacinar emphysema even in the absence of smoking

71
Q

Asthma

A

A disease with multiple precipitating mechanisms resulting in a common clinical outcome of reversible airflow obstruction

72
Q

Bronchiectasis

A

Chronic, irreversible dilation of the bronchi and bronchioles that results from destruction of muscles and elastic connective tissue

Dilated airways become saccular and are a medium for chronic infection

73
Q

Chronic Bronchitis

A

A disease of the airways defined as the presence of a cough and sputum production for at least a combined total of 3 months in each of 2 consecutive years

74
Q

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

A

Disease state characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible

Sometimes referred to as chronic airway obstruction or chronic obstructive lung disease

75
Q

Desaturate

A

A precipitous drop in the saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen

76
Q

Emphysema

A

A disease of the airways characterized by destruction of the walls of overdistended alveoli

77
Q

Metered-Dose Inhaler

A

Patient-activated medication canister that provides aerosolized medication that the patient inhales into the lungs

78
Q

Polycythemia

A

Increase in the red blood cell concentration in the blood

In COPD, the body attempts to improve oxygen carrying capacity by producing increasing amounts of RBCs

79
Q

Spirometry

A

Pulmonary function tests that measure specific lung volumes (FEV1, FVC) and rates (FEF 25-75%)

May be measured before and after bronchodilator administration

Adult Health Nursing I (22 decks)

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