Vaccines Information

Question 1

active immunity definition

Answer 1

body response to exposure of pathogen leading to long term protective response…active live vaccine

Question 2

passive immunity definition

Answer 2

transfer of pre formed antibodies to an individual

Question 3

passive immunization information

Answer 3

short lived antibodies given when immediate protection is needed and host isnt able to make adequate response or when there is not an active immunity inducing vaccination

Question 4

polyclonal antibody passive immunization

Answer 4

pooled from blood samples, will recognize many epitopes

Question 5

monoclonal antibody passive immunization

Answer 5

not blood borne, only recognizes one epitope

Question 6

Rabies immune globulin

Answer 6

blood product of passive immunity antibodies against rabies, given when needed after potential exposure

give one dose at wound sit and one proximal to site

Question 7

rabies vaccine

Answer 7

also given in the case of a bite, so you start developing the adaptive immune response….this requires a booster and is not common standard of care or given prior to exposure

have to double with rabies immune globulin to make sure antibodies are there right away

Question 8

Will vaccines work with a patient with no B cells?

Answer 8

the patient cannot make the B cell response and own antibodies…so will need to give passive immunity vaccinations

Question 9

RSV monoclonal antibody preparation

Answer 9

usually given to premature infants who are at high risk of suffering greatly from RSV infections

Monthly injection to prevent the RSV infections

Question 10

New names for Rh+ and Rh- in blood typing

Answer 10

D+ and D-

Question 11

5 Different uses of passive immunizations?

Answer 11

protections against toxins like tetanus, venom
Rho-Gam
IVIG
hyperimmune globulins against specific viral antigens
Monoclonal antibodies like for RSV in premies

Question 12

Hep B use passive and active?

Answer 12

do give both passive and active immunity and is because there is a high chance of transmission from mother to child

Question 13

Can you give immunizations during pregnancy to protect a child?

Answer 13

debatable…but common for pertussis

tetanus and dptheria boosters too

Question 14

What is used in an attenuated live vaccine?

Answer 14

a non-virulent organism is in the vaccine

Question 15

inactivated viral vaccines efficacy and examples

Answer 15

only effective for short term

polio, influenza, rabies

Question 16

attenuated live viral vaccines efficacy and examples

Answer 16

long term protection, but sometimes need boosters

MMR, chickenpox, rotavirus, live influenza nasal mist, oral polio

Question 17

attenuated bacterial vaccine example

Answer 17

BCG for TB, not in USA

Question 18

attenuated vaccine advantage?

Answer 18

make antibodies and infect some cells to induce the cytotoxic T cell response as well

Question 19

toxoid vaccine examples

Answer 19

tetanus and diptheria

Question 20

toxoid organisms and vaccine?

Answer 20

organisms that make a toxin that causes the problem in the host

vaccine uses a chemically inactivated toxin

Question 21

purified polysaccharide antigens vaccines

Answer 21

Only stimulates a B cell response, so only IgM antibodies due to no class switching

most effective if given with protein to help this problem

Question 22

conjugate vaccines

Answer 22

polysaccharide antigens given with peptides so they can stimulate T cell response too with the B cell response

Question 23

conjugate vaccines example

Answer 23

Haemophilus influenza type B is chemically conjugated to the tetanus toxoid

Question 24

synthetic recombinant antigen vaccine products

Answer 24

amino acid polymers, larger peptide, or entire protein

low CTL response with these

Question 25

synthetic recombinant antigen vaccine example

Answer 25

Hepatitis B vaccine is a synthetically produced vaccine

Question 26

How to know if someone is infected or vaccinated with Hep B?

Answer 26

if vaccinated will only respond to one epitope from the synthetic vaccine but if infected will respond to many epitopes

Question 27

combination vaccines and an example

Answer 27

put a bunch of viral particles into one shot…

pentavalent vaccine has diptheria, tetanus, pertussis, hep B, and haemophilus influenza B in it…

Question 28

combination vaccines risk

Answer 28

the different viral particles can interfere with immune response to each other

Question 29

adjuvants definition and examples

Answer 29

substance added to vaccine to make the immune response better

aluminum salts are common…cause redness and pain

Question 30

diluent in vaccines

Answer 30

water or saline

Question 31

stabilizers in vaccines and examples

Answer 31

maintains vaccine potency

monosodium glutamate, albumin, phenols, gelatin, glycine

Question 32

preservative in a vaccine

Answer 32

thimerosal

Question 33

can antibiotic be in a vaccine?

Answer 33

yes

Question 34

conditions for consistently effective vaccine

Answer 34

microorganisms that are limited to human hosts with invariant surface structures

smallpox

Question 35

conditions for less effective vaccine

Answer 35

microorganisms that have animal reservoir and exhibit diversity in surface structure

influenza

Question 36

older adult main vaccines

Answer 36

boosters for kid vaccines

polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine and zoster shingles vaccine

Question 37

Thimerosal and autism

Answer 37

this contains mercury and is a preservative of vaccines…but many think it may be linked to being a causative agent of ASD

most current vaccines do not have thimerosal

Question 38

Measles presentation and spreading

Answer 38

cold symptoms to start..tricky

then get conjuctivitis rash and cold symptoms with bad cough and fever

big risk because it spreads in airborne particles for two hours