Acquired Immunodeficiency Flashcards
Diabetes effect on immune cells
decreased neutrophil function and poor peripheral circulation lead to increased risk of skin ulceration and infection
especially seen in feet if they lose feeling in the feet, ofetn candidisis
hemodialysis effect on immune system
reduce T cell function, Ig production, compromised neutrophils and dendritic function too
Chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis effects on immune
really just decreases neutrophil function because it removes some opsonins
also can lead to protein loss, decrease Ig levels
Cirrhosis effects on immune system
low levels of complement, so high chance of bacterial sepsis
Protein loss disorders effect on immune system
can lead to loss of Igs, called hypogammaglobulinemia
lose IgG and IgA a lot but not really IgM because of the size
can lose in kidneys, skin, Gi tracts
Nephrotic syndrome effect on immune system
kidney disease with lots of protein loss
very low Igs
leads to common infections of respiratory, UTI, peritonitis, sepsis and usually with encapsulated bacteria
How does trauma affect the immune system?
affects every arm…humoral, cell mediated, innate
T/B, macros, neutrophils
Burn effects on immune system
worse immune suppression than mechanical trauma due to loss of non specific defense, leads to more infection
ionizing radiation effects on immune system
x rays and gamma rays
lead to DNA damage that can cause mutation and lead to impaired immune function
induce apoptosis, somatic mutation cell division proteins
radiation effects on immune system
leads to loss of B cells more than T cells and T cells more than phagocytic cells
mainly causes antibody response issues as the T cells can recover and phagocytics are resistant to radiation
regional radiation can have systemic effects!!
UV radiation immune effects
chronic sun exposure leads to diminished function of all resident skin immune cells
Toxic chemical immune system effects
T cell function, B cell activation, increase risk of infection in respiratory tract
Splenectomy Hyposplenism causes and effects on immune system
congenital aslpenia, trauma, atrophy
marginal zone macriphages are best at ridding of encapsulated bacteria so have increased risk of spesis
want to give vaccines and also prophylaxis
pregnancy effects on immune system
decreased cell mediated immunity so greater risk of infections that use cell mediated immunity
Why is cell mediated immunity depressed in pregnancy?
to prevent rejection of alloantigenic stimuli from infant that are derived from father
