Vaccines And Sera Flashcards
Actions of vaccines and sera
-stimulate the production of antibodies -
-Provide preformed antibodies to facilitate and immune reaction (sera)
-React specifically with toxins produced by an invading pathogen
What are the two types of immunity?
-Active immunity: The body recognizes a foreign protein and begins producing antibodies to react with it (VACCINES)
-Passive immunity: occurs when preformed antibodies are injected into the system and react with a specific antigen (SERA)
What should you know about vaccines and sera when administering to children?
-Parents should have copy of immunization record- to sty on schedule
-All adverse effects should be reported - provider and to CDC
-Vaccines may be given in divided dose to prevent adverse effects - alternative schedules available. Created by CDC
-Encourage parent to provide comfort measures - acetaminophen and ibuprofen
-Reassurance of safety of vaccines provide written information- written information
-Immune sera for specific exposure-
What should you know about vaccines and sera when administering to adults?
-Travel - typhoid hepatitis A
-Yearly vaccines
-Boosters - tetanus every 10 years
-High risk groups - over 50 gets shingles vaccine over - if being involved in child life needs to get tetanus vaccine
-immune sera for specific exposure
What should you know about vacciness and sera when administering to older adults?
-Pneumonia
-yearly influenza
-tetanus booster every 10 years
-travel
-immune sera for specific exposure
increase risk for adverse effects
Monitor closely
What is the definition and what is the goal of immunization?
Immunization: The process of artificially stimulating active immunity
Exposes the body to weakened or less toxic proteins associated with specific dz causing organisms.
Goal: To cause an immune response without having the patient suffer the full course of a dz
What is the indication for vaccines?
-Stimulate active immunity in people who are at risk
-The vaccines that are needed depends on the exposure the person will have to pathogens
-Vaccines are thought to provide life long immunity - Mr varicella shingles
Some don’t which need a booster.
What would be contraindications for vaccines?
Absolute Contraindication
• Severe or life-threatening allergic reaction to any component in the vaccine
• Relative Contraindications
• Presence of immune deficiency- live vaccines are contraindicated can contract dz the vaccine is for.
• Pregnancy- risk to fetus, influenza is not included as well as tdap
• Mild/Moderate allergic reaction to any component of the vaccine- eggs, they are in many vaccines
• Patients receiving immune globulin or who have received blood or blood products within the
last 3 months- immune reaction can occur
• Caution with history of:
• febrile convulsions or cerebral injury
• conditions in which high fever would be dangerous
• acute infection
Adverse effects of vaccines
fever, chills, malaise, fretfulness, irritability
-anorexia, vomiting
- Rash
- Pain, Redness, Swelling at injection Site
Inactivated - injections; impossible to get dz from the vaccine because it is inactivated.
Drug drug interactions for vaccines
Immunosuppressants-
Implementation for vaccines
• Implementation
• Do not use to treat acute infection
• Do not administer if the patient exhibits signs of acute
infection or immune deficiency
• Do not administer if the patient has received blood, blood
products, or immune globulin within the last 3 months
• Arrange for proper preparation and administration of the
vaccine; check on the timing and dose of each injection
• Maintain emergency equipment on standby, including
epinephrine
• Arrange for supportive care and comfort measures for flu-
like symptoms and for injection discomfort
• Do not administer aspirin to children for the treatment of
discomforts associated with the immunization
• Provide thorough patient teaching
• Provide a written record of the immunization, including
the need to return for booster immunizations and timing
of the boosters, if necessary
Definition, types and action of sera
• Definition
• Sera that contain antibodies to specific bacteria or viruses
• Types
• Antitoxin and antivenom
• Immune sera that have antibodies to specific toxins that might be released by invading
pathogens, or to venom from spider or snake bites
• Action- Provide passive immunity to a specific antigen or disease
• Used as prophylaxis against specific disease after exposure
• May lessen the severity of a disease
Definition, types and action of sera
• Definition
• Sera that contain antibodies to specific bacteria or viruses
• Types
• Antitoxin and antivenom
• Immune sera that have antibodies to specific toxins that might be released by invading
pathogens, or to venom from spider or snake bites
• Action- Provide passive immunity to a specific antigen or disease
• Used as prophylaxis against specific disease after exposure
• May lessen the severity of a disease
What are contraindications adverse effects and drug drug interactions for sera?
• Relative Contraindications
• History of severe reaction to any immune sera
• Cautions
• Pregnancy
• Coagulation defects
• Previous exposure to the immune sera- increased risk to hypersensitivity
• Adverse effects
• Rash, nausea, vomiting, chills, fever
• Allergic reaction: chest tightness, decreased blood pressure, and difficulty breathing
• Local reaction: swelling, tenderness, pain, and muscle stiffness at injection site
• Drug-drug interactions: Immunosuppressant drugs
Implementation for sera
• Implementation
• Do not administer to any patient with a history of severe
reaction to immune globulins or to the components of the
drug being used
• Administer the drug as indicated
• Monitor for severe reactions and have emergency
equipment ready
• Arrange for supportive care and comfort measures for flu-
like symptoms and for the local reaction
• Provide thorough patient teaching
• Provide a written record of immune sera use, and encourage
the patient or family to keep that information
