Antibiotics

Question 1

Aminoglycosides suffix

Answer 1

Mycin
Bactericidal- used for serious infections

Question 2

Carbapenem suffix

Answer 2

Penem
Bactericidal- IV or IM
Used for serious infections
Broad spectrum

Question 3

Cephalosporins suffix

Answer 3

Cef, ceph
Bactericidal AND bacteriostatic

Question 4

Flouroquinolones suffix

Answer 4

“-floxacin”
Bacteriostatic
Broad spectrum

Question 5

Penicillins suffix

Answer 5

“-icillin”
Bactericidal
Broad spectrum

Question 6

Sulfonamides suffix

Answer 6

“-sulfa”
Bacteriostatic by inhibiting folic acid synthesis

Question 7

Tetracyclines suffix

Answer 7

“Cycline”
Bacteriostatic

Question 8

Lincosamides

Answer 8

“Other antibiotics”
-cLINdamycin, LINcomycin

Question 9

Lipoglycopeptides

Answer 9

“Other antibiotics”
-telaVANcin, dalbaVANcin, oritaVANcin, VANcomycin
ADE: risk of nephrotoxicity; prolonged QT interval, foamy urine

Question 10

Macrolides

Answer 10

“Other antibiotics”
EryTHROMYCIN, aziTHROMYCIN, clariTHROMYCIN, fidaxomicin
-Fidaxomycin treats c. Diff; not absorbed systemically

Question 11

Oxazolidinones

Answer 11

“Other antibiotics”
-tediZOLID, lineZOLID
ADE: HTN

Question 12

Monobactum

Answer 12

“Other antibiotics”
Aztreonam
IV/IM only

Question 13

Antimycobacterials/ Antituberculosis Drugs

Answer 13

“RIPE”
R- Rifampin
I- Isoniazid
P- Pyrazinamide
E- Ethambutol

• Bactericidal
  -Treatment of TB
  -ALWAYS used in combination

Question 14

What are the two types of antibiotics

Answer 14

Bacteriostatic: Those substances that prevent the growth or reproduction of bacteria
Bactericidal: Those that kill bacteria directly

Question 15

Gram positive

Answer 15

The cell wall retains a stain or resists decolonization w/ alcohol

Question 16

Gram negative

Answer 16

The cell wall loses a stain or is discolorized by alcohol

Question 17

Aerobic

Answer 17

Depend on oxygen for survival

Question 18

Anaerobic

Answer 18

Do not need oxygen
Example: gang green

Question 19

Sensitivity report

Answer 19

I,S,R
Intermediate, Sensitive, Resistance

Question 20

Antibiotics in children

Answer 20

-kids are more sensitive to adverse effects - GI and CNS effects
-monitor hydration and nutrition
-Super infections, especially oral candidiasis, Thrush.
-Many do not have proven safety and efficacy
-Some can cause harm to growing cartilage, bones, and teeth.
-Double check doses
-parent education

Question 21

Antibiotics in Adults

Answer 21

-Pt education
-Only use when needed
-take entire course
-do not take antibiotics not prescribed to you
-do not save antibiotics for future use
-Pregnancy and lactation
-only if benefits outweigh risks
-adverse effects can affect fetus/neonates
I.e. Tetracyclines can damage teeth and bones, amino glycosides can cause hearing loss
-Drug-Drug: Oral contraceptives

Question 22

Antibiotics in older adults

Answer 22

-Signs and symptoms of infections are different in older adults
-pt education
-only use as needed
-take entire course
-do not take antibiotics not prescribed to you
-Don’t save antibiotics for future use
-More susceptible to adverse effects
-monitor hydration
-Safety precautions
-Renal and hepatic impairment
-start low and go slow
-many older adults don’t get fevers- more important to get culture before giving antibiotic

Question 23

Selecting antibiotic treatment

Answer 23

-identification of the causative organism
-Based on the culture report, antibiotic is chosen that has been known to be effective at treating the invading organism
-CULTURE MUST BE COMPLETED BEFORE ADMINISTRATION OF ANTIBIOTIC

Question 24

What are the drug drug interactions for cephalosporins?

Answer 24

Aminoglycosides, warfarin

Question 25

What are the drug drug interactions for Aminoglycosides?

Answer 25

Penicillins, cephalosporins