Antibiotics Flashcards
Aminoglycosides suffix
Mycin
Bactericidal- used for serious infections
Carbapenem suffix
Penem
Bactericidal- IV or IM
Used for serious infections
Broad spectrum
Cephalosporins suffix
Cef, ceph
Bactericidal AND bacteriostatic
Flouroquinolones suffix
“-floxacin”
Bacteriostatic
Broad spectrum
Penicillins suffix
“-icillin”
Bactericidal
Broad spectrum
Sulfonamides suffix
“-sulfa”
Bacteriostatic by inhibiting folic acid synthesis
Tetracyclines suffix
“Cycline”
Bacteriostatic
Lincosamides
“Other antibiotics”
-cLINdamycin, LINcomycin
Lipoglycopeptides
“Other antibiotics”
-telaVANcin, dalbaVANcin, oritaVANcin, VANcomycin
ADE: risk of nephrotoxicity; prolonged QT interval, foamy urine
Macrolides
“Other antibiotics”
EryTHROMYCIN, aziTHROMYCIN, clariTHROMYCIN, fidaxomicin
-Fidaxomycin treats c. Diff; not absorbed systemically
Oxazolidinones
“Other antibiotics”
-tediZOLID, lineZOLID
ADE: HTN
Monobactum
“Other antibiotics”
Aztreonam
IV/IM only
Antimycobacterials/ Antituberculosis Drugs
“RIPE”
R- Rifampin
I- Isoniazid
P- Pyrazinamide
E- Ethambutol
- Bactericidal
-Treatment of TB
-ALWAYS used in combination
What are the two types of antibiotics
Bacteriostatic: Those substances that prevent the growth or reproduction of bacteria
Bactericidal: Those that kill bacteria directly
Gram positive
The cell wall retains a stain or resists decolonization w/ alcohol
Gram negative
The cell wall loses a stain or is discolorized by alcohol
Aerobic
Depend on oxygen for survival
Anaerobic
Do not need oxygen
Example: gang green
Sensitivity report
I,S,R
Intermediate, Sensitive, Resistance
Antibiotics in children
-kids are more sensitive to adverse effects - GI and CNS effects
-monitor hydration and nutrition
-Super infections, especially oral candidiasis, Thrush.
-Many do not have proven safety and efficacy
-Some can cause harm to growing cartilage, bones, and teeth.
-Double check doses
-parent education
Antibiotics in Adults
-Pt education
-Only use when needed
-take entire course
-do not take antibiotics not prescribed to you
-do not save antibiotics for future use
-Pregnancy and lactation
-only if benefits outweigh risks
-adverse effects can affect fetus/neonates
I.e. Tetracyclines can damage teeth and bones, amino glycosides can cause hearing loss
-Drug-Drug: Oral contraceptives
Antibiotics in older adults
-Signs and symptoms of infections are different in older adults
-pt education
-only use as needed
-take entire course
-do not take antibiotics not prescribed to you
-Don’t save antibiotics for future use
-More susceptible to adverse effects
-monitor hydration
-Safety precautions
-Renal and hepatic impairment
-start low and go slow
-many older adults don’t get fevers- more important to get culture before giving antibiotic
Selecting antibiotic treatment
-identification of the causative organism
-Based on the culture report, antibiotic is chosen that has been known to be effective at treating the invading organism
-CULTURE MUST BE COMPLETED BEFORE ADMINISTRATION OF ANTIBIOTIC
What are the drug drug interactions for cephalosporins?
Aminoglycosides, warfarin
