Antiviral Agents Flashcards
What is the suffix for agents for herpes and cytomegalovirus?
“-Clovir”
-Acyclovir
-Ganciclovir
-Valacyclovir
-Valganiclovir
How do you remember the drug names for Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRT’s)?
“-vir-“
-Delavirdine
-Efavirenz
-Nevirapine
How do you remember the names for Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI’s)?
“ZALE T”
-Zidovudine
-Abacavir
-Lamivudine
-Emtricitabin
-Tenofovir
What is the suffix for protease inhibitors?
“-Navir”
-Daranavir
-Fosamprenavir
-Lopinavir
-Ritonavir
-Tipranavir
What is the suffix for integrase strand transfer inhibitors?
“-gravir”
-Dolutegravir
-Raltegravir
Agents for influenza A and respiratory viruses
Tadine or mivir
-Amantadine used for influenza A and West Nile virus. can be used for some movement dz including ms
-Oseltamivir decreased duration and severity if taken shortly after symptoms begin
-Peramivir (intravenous)
-Rimantadine
-Zanamivir (inhaled)
Anti-hepatitis B agents
-Adefovir
-Entecavir
What is the name of the fusion inhibitor and what does it do?
Enfuvirtide- Drug that stops HIV from binding to the cell membranes, which decreases the spread of infection.
What is the CCR5 coreceptor antagonist and what does it do?
Maraviroc
A type of drug that blocks the receptor site that HIV binds to in healthy cells which prevents the spread of the infection.
Anti hepatitis C agents
Velpatasvir; sofasbuvir; ledipasvir- Sofosbuvir; glecaprevir-pibrentasvir; elbasvir-grazoprevir
Locally active antiviral agents
Docosanol; ganciclovir; penciclovir, acyclovir
True or false: both hep B and C can be cured
False. Only hepatitis C can be cured
What is AIDS related complex (ARC)?
Refers to a group of symptoms that occur in individuals who are hiv positive but don’t meet the criteria for an aids diagnosis.
Helper T cell count hasn’t reached the cuff for it to be considered aids.
What is Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)?
Condition is caused by HIV. # of T-cells decreased to a certain point then the decreased immunity allows for opportunistic infections and cancers.
What is cytomegalovirus (CMV)?
A DNA virus that can infect people of all ages. Often remaining dormant in the body after initial infection. Mostly affects the lungs, eyes, and the liver.
What is a helper T-cell and what does it do?
A lymphocyte that helps kick off the immune system
Which is most sever? Hepatitis B or C?
Hepatitis B is more severe. It is a virus that affects the liver and can be fatal. It is transferred through the blood.
Hepatitis C
A virus that like hep B, attacks the liver but is less severe. Although pts may need a liver transplant over some time
What is the DNA virus that causes chicken pox or varicella zoster and causes geneital herpes, cold sores and can cause encephalitis?
Herpes
What is an interferon?
Hormone that tissues release when there is viral replication going on- it stops further replication with non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. They are released in response to the presence of a viral infection. “Interfere” with the replication of pathogens.
What is the common cold or common flu?
Influenza A- spread through respiratory droplets.
What is the corona virus?
A group of RNA viruses that mostly cause respiratory problems. - COVID-19 is a type of the corona virus
Integrase Strand transfer inhibitor
“-gravir”
Drug that blocks integrase, which is a vital part of replication
NonNucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
“-vir-“
Drugs that bind to the reverse transcriptase, which is essentially responsible for breaking down cell DNA. Stops viral DNA replication and stops viral replication.
Nucleoside revers transcriptase inhibitors
“ZALE T”
Bind to the reverse transcriptase that is responsible for inserting viral DNA, which also stops replication.
Protease inhibitors
“-Navir”
Inhibit the protease enzyme in HIV
This prevents immature HIV cells from becoming fully mature infective HIV cells.
What is a virus?
Tiny bit of DNA or RNA that is protected by a protein coat. Lives by hijacking other cells to do its bidding.
How are does calculated in children for antivirals?
Doses should be calculated by weight
Why should extreme caution be used when giving anti virals to children?
There are no proven safety measures for use in children
What should be closely monitored if using antivirals in children?
Kidneys, bone marrow, liver
What is important for you to inform adults about antivirals?
They cannot be used for bacterial infections.
If used incorrectly they could cause drug resistance for both viral and bacterial infections.
Antivirals cannot cure HIV dz they can only slow HIV from progressing.
Why should patients take precautions in getting sick such as keeping up with vaccines?
Because someone with HIV has a weak immune system which allows for opportunistic illnesses to be contracted more easily.
True or false: Pregnant women can take antivirals
False. Severe fetal effects
-HIV can be passed through milk
When would doses of antivirals need to be lowered for older adults?
If they have renal or liver dysfunction because they may be worsened by these medications. They are also more susceptible to adverse effects
What labs should be monitored regularly in a patients with HIV and AIDS?
Renal and hepatic - before and periodically during therapy
