Vaccines and Immune Modulating Flashcards
What is the pharmacodynamics of Varicella/Varicella Zoster vaccine?
Live-attenuated (Varivax, Zostavax) or recombinant (Shingrix) induces immunity.
What are the pharmacokinetics of Varicella/Varicella Zoster vaccine?
Absorbed via subcutaneous/intramuscular injection.
What are the contraindications for the Varicella/Varicella Zoster vaccine?
Immunosuppression, pregnancy, gelatin/neomycin allergy.
What drugs interact with the Varicella/Varicella Zoster vaccine?
Reduced efficacy with immunosuppressants, antivirals (acyclovir).
What is the pharmacodynamics of the Rotavirus vaccine?
Live oral vaccine stimulates mucosal immunity.
What are the contraindications for the Rotavirus vaccine?
SCID, intussusception history.
What is the pharmacodynamics of the RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus) vaccine?
Monoclonal antibody (palivizumab) prevents RSV.
What is the pharmacodynamics of the Typhoid vaccine?
Live (oral) or inactivated (IM) stimulates systemic immunity.
What are the contraindications for the Yellow Fever vaccine?
Immunosuppression, egg allergy, thymus disorders.
What is the mechanism of action of Alemtuzumab?
Binds CD52, depletes B/T cells.
What are the indications for Alemtuzumab?
Used for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and transplant rejection.
What are the adverse effects of Alemtuzumab?
Profound immunosuppression, infections (CMV, HSV).
What is the mechanism of action of Basiliximab?
Binds CD25 (IL-2R), prevents T-cell activation.
What are the indications for Basiliximab?
Used for kidney transplant rejection prevention.
What is the mechanism of action of Rituximab?
Binds CD20, depletes B cells.
What are the adverse effects of Rituximab?
JC virus reactivation, Hepatitis B reactivation.
What is the mechanism of action of Cyclosporine?
Inhibits calcineurin, blocking IL-2 transcription.
What are the adverse effects of Cyclosporine?
Nephrotoxicity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, neurotoxicity.
What is the mechanism of action of Tacrolimus?
Inhibits calcineurin via FKBP binding, blocking IL-2.
What are the contraindications for Tacrolimus?
Uncontrolled diabetes.
What is the mechanism of action of Sirolimus?
Inhibits mTOR, blocking T-cell proliferation.
What are the indications for Sirolimus?
Used for transplant rejection prevention.
What are the pharmacokinetics of Sirolimus?
CYP3A4 metabolism, long half-life.
What are the adverse effects of Sirolimus?
Myelosuppression, delayed wound healing.
What is the mechanism of action of Mycophenolate?
Inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, blocking guanosine synthesis in lymphocytes.
What are the contraindications for Mycophenolate?
Contraindicated in pregnancy.
What is the mechanism of action of Prednisone?
Inhibits cytokine gene transcription, reducing immune response.
What are the indications for Prednisone?
Used for transplant rejection, autoimmune diseases.
What are the adverse effects of Prednisone?
Hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, infections.
What is the mechanism of action of Bortezomib?
Proteasome inhibitor causing plasma cell apoptosis.
What are the indications for Bortezomib?
Used for multiple myeloma, transplant rejection.
What are the adverse effects of Bortezomib?
Peripheral neuropathy, myelosuppression.
What is the mechanism of action of IVIG?
Provides passive immunity and immunomodulation.
What are the indications for IVIG?
Used for autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiency.
What are the contraindications for IVIG?
Contraindicated in IgA deficiency (risk of anaphylaxis).
