Dermatology Flashcards
What are the characteristics of an ointment?
Oil-based, greasy, occlusive.
What are the uses of an ointment?
Used for dry, thick, or scaly skin conditions (e.g., psoriasis, eczema).
What are the pros and cons of an ointment?
Pros: Maximizes drug absorption, provides moisture, protects skin barrier. Cons: Greasy, can stain clothes, not suitable for hairy areas.
What are the characteristics of a cream?
Oil-in-water emulsion, semi-solid.
What are the uses of a cream?
Used for generalized skin conditions.
What are the characteristics of a lotion?
Water-based, liquid, less greasy, used for large, hairy, or inflamed areas.
What are the characteristics of a gel?
Water or alcohol-based, jelly-like, used for acne, scalp conditions, and rosacea.
What are the uses of a foam in dermatology?
Used for hairy areas and the scalp.
What are the characteristics of a solution?
Water, alcohol, or propylene glycol-based, used for oily skin and scalp conditions.
What are the uses of a powder in dermatology?
Used for fungal infections and intertriginous areas.
What are the first-line treatments for mild acne?
Topical retinoids (tretinoin, adapalene), benzoyl peroxide (BPO).
What are the first-line treatments for moderate acne?
Topical antibiotics (clindamycin, erythromycin) + BPO, or oral antibiotics (doxycycline, minocycline).
What is the first-line treatment for severe acne?
Oral isotretinoin.
What is the mechanism of action of oral isotretinoin?
Reduces sebum production, comedogenesis, and C. acnes.
What are the side effects of oral isotretinoin?
Teratogenic, dry skin, mood changes.
What hormonal agents are used for acne?
Oral contraceptives, spironolactone.
What are the effects of UVA radiation on the skin?
Penetrates deep into the dermis, causes premature aging, contributes to skin cancer.
What are the effects of UVB radiation on the skin?
Causes sunburn, DNA damage, and increases the risk of melanoma, SCC, and BCC.
What are the benefits of sunscreen?
Prevents UV-induced DNA damage, reduces skin cancer risk, prevents photoaging, reduces sunburn risk.
What are important patient education points about sunscreen?
Use broad-spectrum SPF 30+, apply 15-30 minutes before sun exposure, reapply every 2 hours, and wear protective clothing.
What are first-line topical treatments for psoriasis?
Topical corticosteroids, vitamin D analogs (calcipotriene, calcitriol), topical retinoids (tazarotene).
What are common systemic treatments for psoriasis?
Methotrexate, biologics (adalimumab, etanercept, secukinumab).
What are the side effects of methotrexate for psoriasis?
Hepatotoxicity, myelosuppression.
What are biologics used for psoriasis?
TNF or IL-17 inhibitors.
What are the first-line topical treatments for rosacea?
Metronidazole, azelaic acid, ivermectin.
What are the first-line treatments for actinic keratosis?
5-FU, imiquimod, cryotherapy.
What are first-line treatments for eczema?
Emollients, topical steroids, calcineurin inhibitors (tacrolimus).
What are the first-line treatments for verruca (warts)?
Salicylic acid, cryotherapy, imiquimod.
What are the first-line treatments for alopecia?
Minoxidil, finasteride (for males).
What are the first-line treatments for cellulitis?
Topical mupirocin (if mild), oral antibiotics (cephalexin, clindamycin).
What are first-line treatments for onychomycosis?
Terbinafine, ciclopirox.
When should low-potency topical glucocorticoids be prescribed?
Face, intertriginous areas, mild eczema.
When should high-potency topical glucocorticoids be prescribed?
Thick lesions, palms/soles, severe psoriasis.
What are the first-line treatments for scabies?
Permethrin 5%, ivermectin (oral).
What are the first-line treatments for lice?
Permethrin 1%, malathion, ivermectin.
What are the first-line treatments for tinea infections?
Clotrimazole, terbinafine, fluconazole (oral for severe cases).
What are the first-line treatments for candidiasis?
Nystatin, clotrimazole.
What are the first-line treatments for tinea versicolor?
Selenium sulfide, ketoconazole.
