vaccines and herd immunity Flashcards

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1
Q

what is passive immunity ?

A

when you don’t create the antibodies yourself . they are introduced into you.pathogen dont enter body so plasma and memory cells are never made .
no long term immunity

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2
Q

give an example of passive immunity

A

a baby getting antibodies through mothers breastmilk

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3
Q

what is active immunity ?

A

antibodies created by your own body caused by exposure to antigen or pathogen .

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4
Q

what is natural active immunity ?

A

following infections and the creation of the bodies own antibodies and memory cells .

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5
Q

what is artificial active immunity

A

following the introduction of a weakened version of a pathogen or antigens via a vaccine

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6
Q

what happens when the body is exposed to antigens by vaccines ?

A

activates B cell to go through clonal selection
B cells undergo mitosis to make large number of cells .thee differentiate into plasma cells of B memory cells .plasma cells make antibodies ,B memory cells can divide rapidly into B plasma cells when reinfected with the same pathogen to make large numbers of antibodies rapidly

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7
Q

how long can memory B cells live inside your body ?

A

decades

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8
Q

how long can plasma cells live in your body ?

A

they are short lived

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9
Q

how memory B cells protect against pathogens ?

A

if they collide with an antigen they have encountered before then they divide by mitosis ,making plasma cells .so pathogen is destoryed before any symptoms occur.

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10
Q

what type of immunity do B memory cells provide ?

A

active

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11
Q

explain herd immunity ?

A

if enough people in the population are vaccinated then the pathogen can not spread easily among the population and aids protection to those who cant get a vaccine

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