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Paeds > Vaccines > Flashcards

Vaccines Flashcards

1
Q

Examples of inactivated microorganism vaccines

A

IPV

Pertussis

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2
Q

Examples of inactivated toxin vaccines

A

Tetanus

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3
Q

Examples of life attenuated vaccines

A

MMR
BCG
Rotavirus

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4
Q

Examples of polysaccharide vaccines

A

Pneumococcus
Meningococcus
Haemophilus influenzae

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5
Q

What conditions do you give Ig for in paeds to give passive immunity

A

Varicella zoster in immunocompromised

RSV in high risk of morbidity/mortality

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6
Q

Causative organism of diphtheria

A

Corynebacterium diphtheria

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7
Q

Causative organism of tetanus

A

Clostridium tetani

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8
Q

Causative organism of pertussis

A

Bordetella pertussis

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9
Q

Spread of diphtheria

A

Person to person via respiratory droplets

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10
Q

Clinical features of diphtheria

A

Local:
Neck swelling - dyspnoea and dysphagia
Cervical lymphadenopathy

Systemic:
Paralysis
Cardiac failure

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11
Q

Cause of neonatal tetanus

A

Infection of umbilical stump

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12
Q

Clinical features of tetanus

A 
Trismus
Risus sardonicus 
Neck stiffness
Dysphagia
Opisthotonos
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13
Q

Spread of tetanus

A

Spores in soil/manure enter body through a wound

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14
Q

Clinical definition of pertussis

A

Acute cough lasting >14 days with one of:
Paroxysmal cough
Post-tussive cough vomiting
Inspiratory whoop

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15
Q

How can bordetella pertussis be identified

A

NPA culture

NOT BLOOD CULTURES

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16
Q

How is pertussis spread

A

Person to person via respiratory droplets

17
Q

Why can people get recurrent pertussis

A

Infection by wild type doesn’t provide lifelong immunity

Vaccine lasts ~6 years

18
Q

Clinical features of 3 phases of pertussis

A

Catarrhal phase: coryzal symptoms for 1-2 weeks
Paroxysmal phase: cough followed by inspiratory whoop +/- vomiting +/- apnoea for up to 10 weeks
Convalescent phase: chronic cough, bronchial damage

19
Q

Complications of pertussis

A

Pneumonia
Weight loss from vomiting
Cerebral hypoxia
Potentially fatal in <2

20
Q

When is the pertussis vaccine given

A

Gestation 28-32 weeks

21
Q

What organism causes poliomyelitis

A

Enterovirus

22
Q

Spread of polio

A

Faecal oral

23
Q

Where does polio virus multiply

A

GI + oropharyngeal mucosa
Drains into cervical/mesenteric LNs
Drains into bloodstream

24
Q

What are the 3 clinical subtypes of poliomyelitis

A

Subclinical: mild coryzal or asymptomatic
Non paralytic: flu like symptoms
Paralytic: paralysis, respiratory failure

25
Q

How does haemophilus influenzae present

A 
Meningitis
Epiglottitis
Pneumonia
Pericarditis
Septic arthritis
Cellulitis
Osteomyelitis
26
Q

How is the haemophilus influenza vaccine made

A

Capsular polysaccharide conjugated to tetanus toxin (booster) or diphtheria toxin (primary) to increase the immunogenicity

27
Q

How does streptococcus pneumonia present

A 
Pneumonia
Otitis media
Sinusitis
Pharyngitis
Conjunctivitis
28
Q

What are the most common capsular groups of neisseria meningitidis

A

B
C
W
Y

29
Q

What percentage of patients with meningococcal sepsis have a rash

A

80%

30
Q

Spread of measles

A

Person to person by respiratory droplets or aerosols

31
Q

Clinical features of measles

A

Fever with one of the 3 Cs - cough, coryza, conjunctivitis
Koplik spots on inner cheek
Maculopapular rash 3-4 days after onset of fever - starts on face and behind ears

32
Q

Complications of measles

A 
Immune deficiency - secondary bacterial infections 
CNS:
Acute demyelination encephalomyelitis 
Measles inclusion body encephalitis
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
33
Q

Complications of mumps

A 
Meningitis
Encephalitis
Sensorineural deafness
Orchitis
Oophoritis
34
Q

Complications of rubella

A

Congenital rubella syndrome - cataracts, VSD

Paeds (27 decks)

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