Cardiology Flashcards
Causes of CHD
Maternal: Rubella infection Diabetes SLE CHD Alcohol Lithium Warfarin Amphetamines Oestrogen and progesterone
Presentation of CHD
Blue baby Collapse Murmur Chest pain Palpitations Breathlessness
How to describe heart murmurs
- Systolic, diastolic or continuous
- Grade:
Systolic 1-6 (4-6 have associated thrills)
Diastolic 1-4 - Site it’s heard loudest
- Where it radiates to
What causes a continuous heart murmur
Patent ductus arteriosus
What causes splitting of S2
ASD
Investigations
Upper and lower limb BP Pulse oximetry Blood gases CXR ECG Echo Cardiac catheterisation CT or MRI to plan cardiac surgery
Causes of asymptomatic murmurs
Transient murmur - adaption to postnatal circulation Pulmonary stenosis Aortic stenosis Tetralogy of fallot (pink) VSD
Cardiac causes of cyanosis
Transposition of the great arteries
Tetralogy of fallot
Tricuspid atresia
Truncus arteriosus - 1 large artery from the heart
TAPVD - all 4 pulmonary veins drain into systemic circulation
CHDs presenting with collapse
Hypoplastic left heart
Critical aortic stenosis
Critical coarctation of the aorta
Interrupted aortic arch
CHDs with increasing heart failure
Large VSD
Large PDA
Management of blue/collapsed baby
Advanced life support
Prostin
Tertiary centre
Management of asymptomatic murmur
ECG
Pre and post ductal saturations
Upper and lower limb BP
If all normal can discharge with F/U clinic
